Materials Chapter 10

The term synthetic denotes materials made with ____________ as opposed to natural materials.

human intervention

________ are made with significant amounts of renewable plant materials such as cellulose and starch.

Bioplastics

Most synthetic materials are based on the carbon atom and are derived from __________ made from petroleum or natural gas.

petrochemicals

Plastics are poor electrical conductors and exhibit a high level of ____________.

thermal expansion

Synthetic plastics are made of synthetic resins in combination with _______, _______, ______, _______, and other materials.

fillers, stabilizers, plasticizers, pigments

Which synthetic resin adds properties such as durability or heat resistance?

Fillers

Which synthetic resin increases resistance to ultraviolet rays, oxygen, and other environmental chemicals?

Stabilizers

Which synthetic resin increases flexibility, resiliency, and impact resistance?

Plasticizers

All synthetic plastics are _____________ and most emit noxious fumes in fires.

combustible

_________ was developed from cellulose to imitate silk fiber in 1981.

Rayon

According to the EPA toxic substances control act chemical substance inventory, there are over __________ chemical substances listed with the EPA as manufactured in the U.S.

84,000

Synthetic materials can last for hundreds of years and pollute both the ________ and the ____________.

land and the marine environment.

One major VOC irritant is ____________, a colorless, strong-smelling gas used in the manufacture of synthetic resins and dyes, as a preservative and disinfectant.

formaldehyde

Evidence indicates that _______ may possess liver toxicity, thyroid toxicity, and neurodevelopmental toxicity.

PBDEs

Plastics are categorized as two basic types _________ and ________.

Thermoplastic and thermoset.

Which type of plastics becomes soft when heated and can be remolded repeatedly?

Thermoplastic

Which type of plastic is permanently hardened and cannot be softened and remolded?

Thermoset

Nylon, acrylics, polyesters, vinyls, are considered which type of plastic?

Thermoplastic

________ are very clear, hard, and lightweight thermoplastics.

Acrylics

Which plastic is resistant to chemicals, UV light, impact and abrasion?

Nylon

______________ are combustible at high temperatures, but tend to shrink away from flames and self-extinguish.

Polyesters

Which is the best-known vinyl that is strong and durable?

Polyvinyl chloride

___________, which is used to make polyvinyl chloride, is recognized as a human carcinogen by the EPA.

Vinyl chloride

What are the two main types of elastomers?

Natural rubber and synthetic rubber.

What is made with polyester resin, and used in sanitary surfaces, bathrooms and kitchens?

Fiberglass reinforced plastic

Label

Melamine Overlay
Decorative Paper
Kraft Paper Layers

______________ are made of polymeric resins and are used on countertops, sinks, bathtubs and showers.

Solid surface materials