Stuff I do know for History Exam term 1

Renaissance, Reformation and Revolution

What is a primary source

Provide an example

What is a secondary source

Provide an example

Absolutism and Enlightenment

What is Parliament

the supreme legislative assembly summoned by the monarch to pass laws, approve taxes, and advise the crown. Or The governing body of England that rules with the King.

What religion did Olivier Cromwell follow

Puritanism

What was the primary reason absolute monarchs sought to expand their territories into other kingdoms

The primary reason absolute monarchs sought to expand their territories was to increase their wealth, global power, and resources.

Name the two political parties that fought in the English Civil War

Cavaliers(support the king) and Roundheads(support parliament)

What is divine right

The idea that God created the monarchy and the monarch acted as God’s representative on earth

What were the causes and results of the Thirty Years War

Cause protestant war. Result Peace of Westphalia=treaty that ended it

Describe the concept of absolute monarchy. Make sure you cover each aspect of society, including government and religion in your answer

A form of government where a king or queen has 100% control over their citizens' everyday life. Including what religion they follow, laws of the country, and the military.

How did Oliver Cromwell's use of power, specifically in the religious aspect, seem at least as oppressive as an absolute monarch

Cromwell uses power to control the entirety of Britain but in puritanism it controls their everyday life and takes their fun away from them. He shut down the taverns and the bars. He shut down the plays.

Who was the author of The Leviathan

Thomas Hobbes

What is the Napoleonic Code?

The Napoleonic Code is a single set of French civil laws enacted by Napoleon that replaced hundreds of confusing regional and feudal laws across France.

What signified the climax of the Moderate Phase of the French Revolution?

the adoption of the Constitution of 1791, which formally established a limited constitutional monarchy. It also successfully achieved the original goals of the early revolutionaries.

What are Locke’s three principals for mankind

Locke believed everyone is born with the natural rights to life, liberty, and property.

Define censorship

suppression of one's ideas that directly go against the monarch's view or wishes.

What was Voltaire known for

He wrote about the right of Freedom of religion and freedom of speech

How did Montesquieu influence both the English and American governments

He placed importance on the separation of powers.

American Revolution

What were the Intolerable Acts

English acts that are directed towards Americans to make them pay taxes

What did Jefferson change in Locke’s three principals in the Declaration of Independence

His version is Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness he changed the last word property into pursuit of happiness.

What is popular sovereignty

the political idea that the power of a government comes from and is controlled by its people, rather than a king, queen, or elite group

French Revolution Study Guide

What were the 3 phases of the French Revolution

Moderate stage, radical stage/Reign of terror, Age of napoleon

Describe each of the Estates General

1st Estate: Clergy=those who devoted their whole life to God, ex: priests and deacons. 2nd Estate: Nobility ex: dukes, princes, nobles, 3rd Estate: Peasants or everyone else, can be rich or poor

Which Estate included the bourgeoise

The upper middle class In the 3rd estate

What/who were reactionaries

Enemies of the king

What eventually caused the downfall of Napoleon

The battle of waterloo

What was the Congress of Vienna

An organization that was responsible for putting Europe back to the way it was after the French Revolution

Nationalism and Democracy and Industrialization

What were land enclosures

the process of taking public or shared land and turning it into private property

Which natural resources were the most important in industrialization

Coal

What did Adam Smith say was the ultimate goal of capitalism

For you to be as rich as you possibly can be

How did Adam Smith describe free trade

He described free trade as trading fairly between people and that nobody had any say in trade. If I was trading with someone then the only people who could say this isn’t fair would be me and the person I’m trading with. Not other people

What was the main concern of Thomas Malthus

His main concern was to bring the population down and he did that by giving the poor less and he stopped giving them vaccinations so they would eventually die out.

Why was Charles X unpopular after he took over as King of France

He reinstated absolute monarchy in France and when the liberals rebelled he responded by using his army against the citizens

What did Louis Phillipe do to live up to his name as “citizen king”

He vowed to be a king for the people

How did Louis Napoleon win the presidential election in the Second French Republic

Louis Napoleon won the election by using a plebiscite, a ballot where voters have a direct say on the issue, to win approval and power. After he became president he abolished the republic and crowned himself Emperor of the French and Napoleon III

What is universal manhood suffrage

It describes the right of any man to vote

What did Louis Napoleon do to keep his position of power in the French government

Napoleon III won the presidential election and once he became president he abolished the republic and crowned himself Napoleon III.

What was the first successful slave revolt in the Western Hemisphere

Haiti

Who led the fight for Mexican Independence

Father Hidalgo

Who was responsible for Brazilian independence

Dom Pedro (Pedro 1)

What was the Monroe Doctrine

A document written by James Monroe that states that Latin America must remain independent and Europeans that interfere with Latin America were a threat to America’s peace and safety so they would fight for them.

Otto von Bismarck called Germans to work together for unification in which speech

Blood and Iron

Which German speaking French territories were part of the final piece of the puzzle for German unification

Alsace and Lorraine

Define Realpolitik

Real politics. You follow the people's ideas, but you are still the leader. So basically, realistic politics based on the needs of the state. The ability to adapt to political, military and social changes.

What is an ideology

A system of thoughts and beliefs

What were three Victorian Values

Duty, thrift, honesty hard work, And most of all Respectability

Name two of the reforms in the British Great Reform Act of 1832

1. Redistributed seats in the House of Commons

2. giving representation to large towns and cities

3. eliminating rotten boroughs.

New Stuff

Which European country held the most territory in Africa

French territory

Which European country held the most territory in Asia and India

England

Which technological advancement in weaponry helped the British to take control of Africa

Maxim gun (world’s first automatic machine gun)

What was the biggest reason Africa was not colonized by Europeans until the 1800s

Europeans had a hard time going into Africa because the rivers were hard to navigate and they were being exposed to disease that they had never been exposed to before, so it killed them.

Why was the Zulu tribe one of the most powerful tribes in Africa and who was their leader

They were skilled and organized fighters with King Shaka as the leader

Which invention helped Europeans explore African jungle waterways

Steam powered ships

What was the name of the Dutch settlers that settled in Cape Colony in South Africa

Boers

What did the Suez Canal accomplish

It allowed England to control trade in Africa

Who helped Egypt become one of the most modern and powerful of the Middle Eastern states

Muhammad Ali

Which British company was in control of much of India before even the British Crown

The East India Company

What is the largest religion in India

Hindusium

Who were the sepoys

Indian Soldiers

What was the Sati

A hindu practice where a widow must join her husband in death. When they go to cremate the husband the wife has to throw herself on top of her dead husband and get burned with her husband.

What did the British gain by defeating the Chinese in the Opium War

Chinese tea, silks, and spices to make massive profits

Who was responsible for opening Japan to modernization

Europe

This war solidified Japanese power in Korea

The Sino-Japanese War

Who won the Opium War

England

Who was in the Opium War

England, China

Which war stunned Europe and finalized German Unification

Franco Prussian War

How did Peter the Great and Catherine the Great modernize and grow Russian power?

They westernized Russia by building a modern military, improving education, adopting European customs and capturing war/water ports for trade.

What signified the climax of the Moderate Phase of the French Revolution?

the adoption of the Constitution of 1791, which formally established a limited constitutional monarchy. It also successfully achieved the original goals of the early revolutionaries.

What is the Napoleonic Code?

The Napoleonic Code is a single set of French civil laws enacted by Napoleon that replaced hundreds of confusing regional and feudal laws across France. It gave Equality of all citizens before the law, Religious toleration, Reestablished slavery in the French colonies, and Brought stability and order to revolutionary France