POSC1010 Final Review Questions 1-3
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Carey Clemson
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132 Terms
What goods are available to all without direct payment?
Public goods.
In which form of government does a small group of elite people hold political power?
Oligarchy
What is the difference between a representative democracy and a direct democracy?
A representative democracy elects officials to make decisions on behalf of the people, while a direct democracy allows citizens to participate directly in decision-making.
What does government do for people?
It provides order, security, protection of rights, laws, and public services.
The elite theory of government maintains that
Wealthy, politically powerful people control government, and government has no interest in meeting the needs of ordinary people.
According to the pluralist theory of government,
Government policy is formed as a result of the competition between groups with different goals and interests.
What is a good example of a tradeoff?
The government pleases environmental activists by preserving public lands but also pleases ranchers by allowing them to rent public lands for grazing purposes.
Supporting the actions of the Democratic party simply because one identifies oneself as a member of that party is an example of
Partisanship
When a person is asked a question about a political issue that person has little interest in and has not thought much about it, the person’s answer will likely reflect
Latent preferences
What kinds of people are most likely to become active in politics or community service?
People who have higher levels of education, income, and social engagement, often driven by personal interests or issues.
What political activities can people engage in other than running for office?
Be aware of what’s happening in politics, contribute to a campaign, vote, attend rallies, write letters to congressmen.
British colonists in North America in the late 17th century were greatly influenced by the political thought of
John Locke
The agreement that citizens will consent to be governed so long as government protects their natural rights is called
Social contract
what key tenants of American political thought were influential in the decision to declare independence from Britain
all people deserve rights to life, liberty, and happiness
what actions by the British government convince the colonist that they needed to declare their independence
Taxation without representation, military occupation, denial of self-government and restrictions on trade
what important power did the national government lack under the articles of confederation?
It could not impose taxes
in what ways did Shays rebellion revealed the weaknesses of the article articles of confederation?
National government couldn't respond effectively or maintain order
according to the great compromise how would representation in Congress be apportioned?
Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on each state's population and every state would have two senators
how did the delegates to the constitutional convention resolve their disagreement regarding slavery?
It was agreed that 60% or 3/5 of the states enslaved population would be counted for purposes of both representation and taxation
what does separation of powers mean?
Different branches of government executive legislative and judicial have different powers and different responsibilities and they must work together
why were the federalist papers written?
To encourage New York to ratify the constitution
what argument did Alexander Hamilton used to convince people that it was not dangerous to place power in the hands of one man?
One man could respond to crisis is more quickly than a group of men like Congress, and it was easier to control the actions of one man than the actions of a group
why did so many people oppose ratification of the constitution and how was their opposition partly overcome?
Fear of government that was too strong, and it was overcome by the Bill of Rights
how many states must ratify an amendment before it becomes law
3/4 of the states
what is the Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the constitution that protect individual freedoms
what did the 14th amendment achieve?
Citizenship to African-Americans
what core values and belief led to the American Revolution and the writing of the article articles of confederation. How do these value values and beliefs affect American politics today?
Liberty self-government no central power protection of rights. It still shapes debates over federal power, taxation, and civil liberties today.
Was Britain truly depriving colonist of their natural rights
Yes, they lacked representation and face restrictions without consent. Citizens believed it was a tyrannical government.
Did the constitutional Bill of Rights protect a life, liberty and property of all Americans?
They provide strong protections, but many groups were still treated unfairly historically overtime amendments in court rulings expanded protections
was the Bill of Rights necessary addition to the constitution
Yes, a reassured citizens of their rights secured freedom of speech, religion due process
one of the chief areas of compromise at the constitutional convention was the issue of slave slavery, delegates, who oppose slavery have been willing to compromise
Yes, slavery was unfair and cruel
What new amendments should be added to the constitution and why?
Possibly new amendments should be added if they're absolutely necessary
is the federal government to powerful, should states have more power?
National power is necessary for protection, but states should have more power in education and policing
What statement is most accurate about the sources of revenue for local and state governments?
Between 30 and 40% of the revenue for local and state governments comes from grant money.
Which statement about federal and unitary systems is the most accurate?
In a federal system, the constitution allocate powers between states and federal government. in a unitary system, powers are lodged in the national government.
what key constitutional provisions defined the scope of authority of the federal and state governments?
Key constitutional provisions include the Supremacy Clause, which establishes that federal law takes precedence over state law, and the Tenth Amendment, which reserves powers not delegated to the federal government for the states.
What are the main functions of federal and state governments?
The main functions of federal and state governments include the creation and enforcement of laws, the regulation of commerce, taxation, and the provision of public services such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
in McCulloch V Maryland, the Supreme Court invoked which provisions of the constitution?
Necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause
which statement about new federalism is not true
President Reagan was able to promote new federalism consistently throughout his administration
which is not a merit of cooperative federalism
Cooperative federalism respects the traditional jurisdictional boundaries between states and federal government
what are the main differences between cooperative federalism and dual federalism?
Cooperative federalism involves collaboration between state and federal governments, whereas dual federalism emphasizes distinct, separate powers and responsibilities for each level of government.
What were the implications of McCulloch V Maryland for federalism?
Established the doctrine of implied powers, meaning the federal government can create policy instruments deemed necessary and appropriate to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities. The case also affirmed the principle of national supremacy embodied in Article VI of the Constitution, namely, that the Constitution and legitimate federal laws trump state laws.
which statement about federal grants in recent decades is the most accurate
the amount of federal grant money going to states has steadily increased since the 1960s
which statement about unfunded mandates is false
new federalism promotes the use of unfunded mandates
which statement about immigration federalism is false
The Arizona the United States decision struck down all Arizona's most restrictive provisions on undocumented immigration
what statement about venue shopping is false
Both MADD and anti-abortion proponents redirected their advocacy from the states to the federal government
what does venue shopping mean?
Interest groups trying to get a law passed and states in order to get it passed at the federal level
Pros of federalism
Encourage encourages participation, test policies and laws before they go national, accommodates local viewpoints
cons of federalism
can lead to inequalities, complexity in governance, and potential for conflict between state and federal laws.
What is a direct democracy?
Every citizen votes directly on laws and policies
what is a representative democracy?
A system where citizens elect representatives to make laws and decisions
what is an oligarchy?
A small elite group who holds power and control of the government
what is the pluralist theory
Different interest groups compete, and get things done through engagement
what is the social contract?
An agreement among individuals to form a government, outlining the rights and responsibilities of each party to ensure social order.
Under the articles of confederation, the government couldn't what.
Tax people or regulate commerce
in 1787 the constitutional convention did what
Throughout the articles of confederation and created a bicameral legislature, Congress and a judicial system
Why were the federalist papers written?
To sell the constitution to the public
the constitution was ratified in
1788
the Bill of Rights was added in
1791
what fraction of Congress is needed to expand rights
2/3
what fraction of the states are needed to expand rights
3/4
federalism can be defined as
The division of power between national and state
what is a unitary system?
Central government has all power
what is a confederation
States hold all power
what is a categorical grant?
A funding mechanism where the federal government provides money to states for specific purposes, often with restrictions on how the funds can be used.
What is a block grant?
A large sum of money given by the federal government to state or local governments for broad purposes, allowing more flexibility in how the funds are used.
What is a mandate?
A requirement imposed by the federal government on states or local governments to comply with certain laws or regulations, often without providing funding for implementation.