daisy bell + bicycle history

how long ago did people move to Asia from africa

80k-60k years ago

how long ago did people move to europe

40k

how long ago did neanderthals move to mountain region and became extinct

25k

homo sapiens vs neaderthals

homo sapiens: smaller, slimmer —> need less food

homo sapiens made elongated blades, cave paintings, bone flutes, etchings & bone carvings

how many years ago did people move down to south america

15k

when were camels domesticated

2,000 bce

when were horses domesticated

5,000-4,000 BCE

who attempted to walk the same path as the homo sapiens

paul salopek

when did Paul salopek start his journey

jan 2013

how long is the journey for salopek

24k miles

what is the walk called

out of Eden walk

where does the journey start and end

start: herto bounce, ethiopia

end: Tierra del fuego

what is in herto

herto man —> earliest remain of homo sapiens

how old is herto man

160k

what was the estimated time of the journey

7 years

as of 2025 how much is left of the journey

12 years since journey started but there is still half the distance left to cover

camels were called

ships of the desert

camel caravans were mainly in

middle east and western Asia in first thousands CE

when were wheels invented

3500-3350

3 possible places for where wheels could have originated + what is the proof

1) flintbek, northern germany: wagon ruts in ground

2) ancient uruk/modern day iraq: images of wagons on clay tablets

3) bronocice, southern poland: depiction of wheeled vehicle;e on a pot

with the wheel came what

domestication of animals

when were dandyhorses made

june 12, 1817

names for dandyhorse

draisine, laufmaschines, running machine

what did the dandyhorse look like

modern day bicycle but no pedals: wooden frame, 2 wheels, padded arm rest

who made the dandyhorse

baron Karl von drais de sauerbrun

where was dandyhorse made

manheim, germany

speed of dandyhorse (km, mph, faster than ___)

14 km = 8.7 mph; faster than mail coach

when were pedals added

22 yrs later in 1839

who added pedals

kirkpatrick macmillan

what race and job does macmillan have

scottish blacksmith

macmillan’s bicycle resembled what

a treadle used to operate sewing machines

velocipdes were made in what decade

1860s

other name for velocpides and reason

boneshaker: wooden wheels have no cushioning over rough ground/cobblestone roads

what does velocipedes mean

fast feet

where are the pedals located on the velocipedes

they were moved to the front wheel to operate cranks

who made velocipdes

pierre lallement and Pierre michaux

progression of wheel material

wood —> iron —> rubber

when were pneumatic rubber tires used

1890s

“high-wheeler” design was made in what decade

1870s

names for high wheeler and why

penny-farthing: compare wheels to 2 British coins of diff diameters

widow-maker: dangerous and fatal falls

front wheel and rear wheel diameters

front: 5ft

rear: 16 inches

the front wheel of the high wheeler is how many times bigger than a modern bicycle’s wheels

twice

falls were known as

taking a header

when was the rover/safety bicycle made and by who

1885 by John kemp starley

john kemp starley was what race

british

by the end of the 19th how many people were in the bicycle group? what is the name of the bicycle organization?

league of American wheelmen; 100k

most of the people in league of American wheelmen were what gender

female

tandmes made in what decade

1880s

who envisioned tandems

baron von drais

who sat on the front saddle

women because it was non-steering

woman sitting on front saddle is illustrated on what

australian sheet music cover for “daisy bell”

daisy bell made by who and arranged by

made: Harry dacre

arranged: Hiroshi tamawari

original made when? listening piece made when?

og: 1892

replica: 2016

purpose of daisy bell

celebarte tandem with bicycle puns in lyrics

2 theories for why daisy bell was made

1) Harry dacre/frank Dean was exhausted from composing and took a break by voyaging to US. he rode a bike to pay duties in NY and a friend joked “ur lucky u didn’t have to pay twice as much bc u didn’t bring a tandem”

2) he already had a song called “donkey-cart built for two” but realized its a less common vehicle and changed it to bicycle

who turned daisy bell into an 1892 hit in the US and britain

katie lawrence

what did Kate Carney do

1893: sing in London “sarah or a donkey cart built for two” (this could be the original or a satire)

later satire of daisy bell was made when, by who, and why

made by: “weird al” yankovic

made in: 2014

why: support music edu. in disadvanted schools

revival (#) yrs after 1892 in (place) in (location)

70; bell laboratories in Murray hill, new jersey

bell labs used what to synthesize speech for the first time in (yr)

IBM 704 in 1961

why was daisy bell chosen as the song for the expeiremnt

maybe because it has the word bell

who visited bell labs

writer Arthur c clarke

clarke used daisy bell in his film (name, yr)

2001: a space odyssey (1968)

in a space Odyssey describe the scene where daisy bell is played

HAL 9000 computer distortedly sings “daisy, daisy, give me your answer do” to Dave bowman

irony of HAL 9000

the computer is supposed to give answers but it asks for them

what form is this song in

verse-chorus

texture of opening

monophony

describe opening

wordless statement of chorus melody sung by “chipspeech” to mimic IBM 704 timbre

after opening what happens

wordless chorus repeated but in homophony with a simple accompaniment of pulses on beats 2 and 3

verse 1 is played by

vocoder (most prominent) and vocaloid4 cyber diva

vocoder made when and what does it do

1937: bell labs device that compresses and synthesizes voice of person

cyber diva is made how many years after vocoder and what is it

a software made 50 yrs later

chorus 1 is played by what

IBM 704

verse 2 is played by

cyber diva (more clear)

in verse 2, instead of dazzling eyes, it says

daisy eyes

puns in verse 2

tandem, ped’ling, lamps, bright lights

verse 2 vibrato on what word

bell

chorus 2 is played by who

cyber diva and IBM 704

cyber diva singing in chorus 2 vs verse 3

chrous 2: kept mechanical

verse 3: more singing data to sound more human (melismas added)

verse 3 is set (blank)

syllabically (one note per syllable)

chorus 3 who plays melody and who plays harmony

IBM 704 plays melody and cyber diva plays harmony

melisma and fermata on what word

two!