Animal Care and Welfare Quiz 1

Animal welfare

the state of being happy, healthy, or successful

AVMA identifies 5 attributes of good welfare

disease prevention, appropriate shelter, appropriate management and nutrition, humane handling, humane slaughter

ruth harrison

wrote animal machines and caused a public uproar

brambell commitee and report

formed in response to ruth harrisons book

harry harlowe

research monkeys; influenced the 3 R’s

700-1,000 BCE

non-violence (ashima) is practiced and promoted

400 BCE

pythagoras advocated for treating animals with kindness

1st century CE

plutarch argued animals could feel emotions

1635

ireland passes first animal protection law

jeremy bentham

questioned animal suffering; started shift in way humans viewed animals

before bentham, focused on…

intelligence and human uniqueness

after bentham, focused on…

suffering, sentience, moral responsibility

1822

UK passes martin’s act protecting livestock from abuse

1824

RSPCA founded in england

1866

ASPCA founded in USA

1959

concept of the 3 R’s introduced by british scientists

1966

US passes animal welfare act

harrison

feelings

singer

suffering

brambell

natural behavior

rollin

nature of the animal

sainsbury

health

taylor

productivity and care

sentience

capacity to experience suffering and pleasure; implies conscious awareness

anthropomorphism

assigning human attributes/ feelings to animals

heirarchy of needs

Life > health > comfort

hedonism

pursuit of pleasure or pleasant feelings

3 branches of animal welfare

science, ethics, laws

what were the 3 R’s created for and who introduced them?

protection of research animals and major charles hume

what do the 3 R’s stand for and when were they introduced?

reduce, refine, replace and 1959

what were the 5 freedoms for?

identifying what to measure

what are the 5 freedoms and when were they introduced?

freedom from… hunger/thirst, discomfort, pain/injury/disease, express normal behavior, fear/distress and 1965

what are the 5 domains for and who introduced them?

emotional and physical indicators and david mellor

what are the 5 domains and when were they introduced?

nutrition, environment, health, behavior, mental state and 1994

what are the 3 circles for and who introduced them?

balancing metrics and david fraser

what are the 3 circles and when were they introduced?

biological function, emotional states, natural living and 1997

what is biological functioning?

physically healthy, grow normally, reproduce successfully, maintain normal physiological processes, cope effectivity with challenges

homeostasis

maintaining stability in the body

allostasis

achieving stability through change

when maintaining biological function with good welfare…

challenge occurs, adaptation successful, recovery achieved

when maintaining biological function with bad welfare…

challenge occurs, adaptation fails, recovery incomplete

disease

disruption of normal biological functions

health

ability to maintain normal biological functions

ways to measure biological functioning

clinical indicators, physiological indicators, production indicators, reproduction indicators

before making management decisions, determine…

severity, duration, number

incidence

number of new cases for specific period over total number of those at risk during same period

prevalence

total number of cases observed over total number of individuals at risk

stress

being challenged beyond one’s behavioral and physiological capacity to adapt to its environment (can lead to a state of disharmony or threatened homeostasis)

eustress

a challenge that can be overcome

distress

a negative state that prevents the return to homeostasis

cortisol

released by HPA Axis in brain after being exposed to a challenge; mobilizes energy, supports adaptation, indicates physiological response

animals can remain productive despite..

fear, pain, frustration, behavioral deprivation

strengths of biological functioning

objective, measurable, repeatable, practical, evidence-based

UFAW

universities federation animal welfare

russell and burch

published principle of humane experimental technique

3 big questions

how does the animal feel?

can the animal live naturally?

is the animal healthy and functioning well?