Intl Labour Day

When is International Labour Day observed annually, and what is its purpose?

Observed annually on May 1st to honour the contribution of workers across the world.

What are the alternative names for International Labour Day?

Workers Day or May Day.

Where and when can the origin of International Labour Day be traced back to?

Late 19th Century Labour Movement in the United States.

What happened during the 1886 labour demonstration in America?

Labours demanded 8 hours of work on a daily basis, and in Chicago, the demonstration went out of hand and many people got hurt, an incident known as the "Haymarket Affair" which marked the start of International Labour Day.

What decision did Socialist Parties in Europe take in 1889 regarding May 1?

They came together and decided to celebrate May 1 as International Labour Day.

When, where, and by whom was the 1st May Day celebrated in India?

Celebrated in Chennai (then Madras) in 1923 by the Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan.

What is the theme of International Labour Day 2026?

Ensuring Safety and Health at Work in A Changing Climate.

What does Article 19(1)(c) of the Indian Constitution provide regarding labour?

Grants citizens the right to form associations or unions.

What does Article 23 of the Indian Constitution provide regarding labour?

Prohibits forced labour.

What does Article 24 of the Indian Constitution provide regarding labour?

Prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years.

What does Article 39(a) of the Indian Constitution provide regarding labour?

Provides that the State shall secure to its citizens equal right to an adequate means of livelihood.

What does Article 41 of the Indian Constitution provide regarding labour?

Provides that within limits of its economic capacity, the State shall secure for right to work and education.

What does Article 43 of the Indian Constitution provide regarding labour?

Orders the State to secure a living wage, decent conditions of work, and social and cultural opportunities to all workers through legislation or economic organisation.

What does Article 43A of the Indian Constitution provide regarding labour?

Provides for participation of workers in management of industries through legislation.

How many laws were amalgamated into the Wage Code?

4

How many laws were amalgamated into the Industrial Relation Code?

3

How many laws were amalgamated into the Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions Code?

13

How many laws were amalgamated into the Social Security Code?

9

What is the total number of labour laws amalgamated across the 4 Labour Codes?

29

Which laws fall under "Conditions of Work" in Chart 1: Types of Labour Laws?

Factories Act, 1948; The Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970; Shops and Commercial Establishments Act.

Which laws fall under "Wages & Remuneration" in Chart 1: Types of Labour Laws?

The Minimum Wages Act, 1948; Payment of Wages Act, 1936.

Which laws fall under "Social Security" in Chart 1: Types of Labour Laws?

Employees' Provident Fund Act, 1952; Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923; Employees State Insurance Act, 1948.

Which laws fall under "Employment Security & Industrial Relations" in Chart 1: Types of Labour Laws?

The Industrial Disputes Act, 1947; Industrial Establishments (Standing Orders) Act, 1946.

What is the International Labour Organisation (ILO)?

A specialised agency of the United Nations devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognised human and labour rights, dedicated to improving labour conditions and living standards throughout the world.

When was the ILO established, and when did it become a UN specialised agency?

Established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles; became the 1st affiliated specialised agency of the United Nations in 1946, after the demise of the League of Nations.

Where is the headquarters of the ILO located?

Geneva, Switzerland.

Who is the Director General of the ILO?

Gilbert Houngbo.

How many members does the ILO have, and what is India's membership status?

187 members (India is a founding member).

What is the unique structural feature of the ILO?

Tripartite structure (equal voice for workers, employers, and governments).

When did the ILO win the Nobel Peace Prize, and why?

Awarded in 1969 for improving peace among classes, pursuing decent work and justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations.

What are the 4 main objectives of the ILO?

1. Promote and realize standard and fundamental labour rights; 2. Create greater opportunities for women and men; 3. Enhance social protection; 4. Strengthen social dialogue and tripartism.

What are International Labour Standards, and what are their two types?

Legal instruments drawn up by the ILO's constituents (governments, employers, and workers) setting out basic principles and rights at work: 01. Conventions & Protocols (legally binding international treaties) and 02. Recommendations (non-binding guidelines).

What is the status of the ILO's Fundamental Conventions, and which ones are ratified by India?

They are an integral part of the United Nations Human Rights Framework, and Conventions 1–6 are ratified by India (Conventions 7 and 8 are not ratified by India).

What is ILO Fundamental Convention No. 01?

Forced Labour Convention (No. 29) — ratified by India.

What is ILO Fundamental Convention No. 02?

Abolition of Forced Labour (No. 105) — ratified by India.

What is ILO Fundamental Convention No. 03?

Equal Remuneration (No. 100) — ratified by India.

What is ILO Fundamental Convention No. 04?

Discrimination (No. 111) — ratified by India.

What is ILO Fundamental Convention No. 05?

Minimum Age (No. 138) — ratified by India.

What is ILO Fundamental Convention No. 06?

Right to Organise & Collective Bargaining (No. 98) — ratified by India.

What is ILO Fundamental Convention No. 07?

Freedom of Association (No. 87).

What is ILO Fundamental Convention No. 08?

Worst Forms of Child Labour (No. 182).

When was the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work adopted and amended?

Adopted in 1998, amended in 2022.

What are the 5 focus areas of the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work?

1. Freedom of association; 2. Elimination of forced labour; 3. Abolition of child labour; 4. Elimination of employment discrimination; 5. Safe & healthy working conditions.

What are the 5 key reports published by the ILO?

1. World Employment and Social Outlook (WESO); 2. Global Wage Report; 3. World Social Protection Report; 4. World Employment and Social Outlook for Youth; 5. World of Work Report.