Motor Learning and Control (study)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, and classifications from the lectures on Motor Learning and Control, including the integrative model, skill types, environmental conditions, and motor abilities from Fleischman's Taxonomy.

Motor Learning

The study of the processes involved in acquiring and refining motor skills and of variables that promote or inhibit that acquisition; a multifaceted set of internal processes through which there is a relatively permanent change in human movement through practice.

Motor Control

The neural, physical, and behavioral aspects that underlie human movement; concerned with the execution of these processes that lead to skilled human movement as well as the factors that lead to the breakdown of such skills.

Learning (Motor Skills)

A change in the capability of a person to perform a skill that must be inferred from a relatively permanent improvement in performance as a result of practice or experience, characterized by improvement, consistency, persistence, and adaptability.

Motor Skills

Goal-oriented movements that require body and limb movements, are voluntary, are developed as a result of practice, and must be learned or relearned.

Integrative Model for Facilitating Motor Skill Learning and Performance

A framework for designing effective learning experiences, involving determining outcomes, creating a situation profile (learner, environment, task), designing experiences, observing, evaluating, and selecting interventions for skill refinement.

Human Movement (Interaction Model)

The interaction of the learner, the task, and the environment.

Discrete Skills

Motor skills with clearly defined beginning and end points.

Serial Skills

Collective sequences of multiple discrete skills.

Continuous Skills

Motor skills where beginning and end points are arbitrary, implying a repetitive nature.

Closed Skills

Skills performed in stable, predictable environments.

Open Skills

Skills performed in unpredictable, ever-changing environments, often facing external factors.

Regulatory Conditions

Environmental factors that specify the movement characteristics needed for successful performance, classified by stability (stationary vs. not stationary) and inter-trial variability (fixed vs. changing).

Motor Abilities

Genetic traits that are prerequisites for skilled performance.

Specificity Hypothesis

The theory stating that motor abilities are independent of one another.

Fleishman's Taxonomy (Motor Abilities)

A classification system identifying underlying motor abilities that are predictive of high skill proficiency, categorized into perceptual motor abilities and physical proficiency abilities.

Perceptual Motor Abilities

A category of motor abilities in Fleischman's Taxonomy that includes skills involving sensory perception and motor response.

Physical Proficiency Abilities

A category of motor abilities in Fleischman's Taxonomy that includes general physical fitness characteristics like strength, endurance, and flexibility.

Control Precision

Ability for highly controlled movement adjustments, especially those involving larger muscle groups (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Multi-limb Coordination

Ability to coordinate numerous limb movements simultaneously (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Response Orientation

Ability to select a response rapidly from a number of alternatives, as in choice reaction time situations (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Reaction Time

Ability to initiate a rapid response to an unexpected stimulus (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Speed of Limb Movement

Ability to make gross rapid limb movement without regard for reaction time (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Rate Control

Ability to make continuous speed and direction adjustments with precision when tracking (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Manual Dexterity

Ability to control manipulations of large objects using arms and hands (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Finger Dexterity

Ability to control manipulations of small objects primarily through use of fingers (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Arm-hand Steadiness

Ability to make precise arm-hand positioning movements where involvement of strength and speed are minimal (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Wrist-finger Speed

Ability to move the wrist and fingers rapidly (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Aiming

Ability to direct hand movements quickly and accurately at a small object in space (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Static Strength

Ability to generate maximum force against a weighty external object (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Dynamic Strength

Muscular endurance or ability to exert force repeatedly (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Explosive Strength

Muscular power or ability to create maximum effort by combining force and velocity (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Trunk Strength

Dynamic strength of trunk muscles (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Extent Flexibility

Ability to move trunk and back muscles through a large range of motion (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Dynamic Flexibility

Ability to make repeated, rapid flexing movements (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Gross Body Coordination

Ability to coordinate numerous movements simultaneously while the body is in motion (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Gross Body Equilibrium

Ability to maintain balance without visual cues (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Stamina

Cardiovascular endurance or ability to sustain effort (from Fleischman's Taxonomy).

Task Analysis

The process of determining the underlying abilities that are important for the successful performance of a specific skill.