Unit 2 Trivia Review: People, Slavery, Culture, and Resistance

Vocabulary flashcards generated from the Unit 2 Trivia Review source material covering early Americas, labor systems, legal principles, culture, and resistance.

Ladinos

Africans who were familiar with European language and culture before arriving in the Americas.

Juan Garrido

An African man who was free and became a participant in Spanish conquest and military expansion.

Estevanico

An enslaved African who became known as a healer, explorer, and translator in the early Americas.

Transatlantic Slave Trade

The trade crossing the Atlantic Ocean that brought enslaved Africans from regions like Senegambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, Bight of Biafra, West Central Africa/Angola, or Mozambique to the Americas.

Domestic Slave Trade

The forced buying, selling, and movement of enslaved people within the United States, predominantly moving people from the Upper South to the Lower South.

The Second Middle Passage

A nickname given to the massive forced migration of enslaved people within the United States during the domestic slave trade.

Gang Labor System

A labor system where enslaved workers labored together in groups under close supervision, often working from sunup to sundown.

Task System

A labor system where workers completed an assigned daily amount of work, often with less direct supervision, commonly associated with rice and indigo crops.

Syncopation

A rhythmic feature that appeared in many African American work songs developed during labor.

Gullah

A language that developed in the Carolina Lowcountry through African and European language influences.

Race

A social construction or social idea created by societies rather than a concept based on clear biological divisions.

Partus Sequitur Ventrem

A legal principle making a child's legal status follow the legal status of the mother, helping perpetuate slavery across generations.

Hypodescent

The practice of classifying multiracial people according to their socially subordinate ancestry.

One-drop Rule

A later racial rule that classified anyone with any African ancestry as Black.

Passe Blanc / Passing

A Louisiana term describing a Black person who could sometimes live socially as white.

Call-and-Response

A musical pattern involving one voice or group answering another.

Spirituals

Religious songs that combined African musical traditions with Christian beliefs, serving multiple purposes including faith, hope, community, emotional expression, resistance, communication, or coded messages.

Oral Tradition

A tradition allowing stories and knowledge to be passed down from generation to generation.

American Colonization Society

An organization that promoted sending free Black Americans to Africa.

Colored Conventions

Political meetings beginning in the 1830s that allowed African Americans to debate issues of identity and rights.

Fort Mose

A free Black community established near St. Augustine in 1738 in Spanish Florida, representing Black freedom in the Atlantic world.

Francisco Menendez

An important African-born leader associated with Fort Mose.

Stono Rebellion

A 1739 rebellion in South Carolina connected to attempts to reach Spanish Florida, which led South Carolina to pass a more restrictive slave code in 1740.

Haitian Revolution

A major revolution from 1791 to 1804 that created an independent Black nation, weakened French plans for a North American empire (contributing to the Louisiana Purchase), and increased slaveholders' fears of slave revolts.

Toussaint Louverture

A major leader associated with the Haitian Revolution.