Seminar in school counseling exam 2

Scientific Based Research (SBR): What does it mean and what is necessary to make it qualify as SBR?

An Educational intervention of SBR must have the use of either randomized experiments or quasi-experiments (Beghetto,2003) to control for extraneous variables. Purpose is to determine causal relationships. Also the practice must be replicated as well.

The definition of evaluation (p. 63 of text or slide 3 of ppt)

Using data for the purpose of documenting the effectiveness, impact, & outcomes of programs, as well as establishing accountability, & identifying areas needing change & improvement”

Impact Evaluation (questions answered) Know atleast 3-4

What are the results? Did the program accomplish its goals? How did the program improve? How did the program bring about this improvement?

Empirical support for SC interventions- which yields highest effect size? What is overall effect size of school counseling interventions?

On average, school counseling interventions yield an effect size of .30, which is considered small to moderate. Parent workshops produce a high effect size

3 types of ASCA National Model data

Process: What did you do for whom? 75 parents attended the workshop for financial aid

Student Standards data: What others think, know or demonstrate, 95% of 10th graders can identify at least 2 forms of financial aid

Outcome Data: Extent to which program has impacted student’s ability to use their knowledge, attitudes, & skills to effect improvement in achievement & behavior. The average attendance between the 2014-15 & 2015-16 school years increased 88.4% to 91.4%

Measure

Mission, Element, Analyze, Stakeholders Unite, Results, Educate

Benefits of classroom guidance

Higher grades, more positive school climate, opportunities for social development, learn to problem solve.

Barriers to classroom guidance

Time consumption of state and national assessments, teacher reluctance to lose instructional time, lack of value for the noncognitive factors of students; mindsets and behaviors

4 components of ASCA for curriculum

• Planned
• Comprehensive
• Preventative
• Developmental

Marzano teaching strategies

1. Identify similarities and differences, 2. Summarizing and note-taking, 3. Reinforcing effort and providing recognition, 4. HW and practice

Marzano teaching strategies pt 2.

5. Non-linguistic presentations, 6. Cooperative learning, 7. Setting objectives and providing feedback, 8. Generating and testing hypotheses, 9. Cues, Questions and advanced organizer

Culturally responsive teaching

Develop a culturally diverse knowledge base
• Incorporate culturally relevant content
• Cultural caring and establishing a learning community
• Facilitating effective cross-cultural communications
• Infusing congruity in classroom instruction

ABCD Model

A = Audience
• B= Behaviors expected
• C= Conditions of how and when for measurement
• D=Description of expected performance

Brief counseling and why it is effective for school counselors (slide 2 chap 6)

Primary mission of schools is to promote academic success & interventions that remove students from the classroom potentially interfere with mission,

Group oriented interventions, such as classroom guidance & group counseling may be a more time effective way to provide services,

Some studies (e.g., Brown & Minami, 2010) have found that brief counseling is as effective as more long-term approaches

Necessary aspects of Person-centered counseling

Counselor must be congruent and assimilate various aspects of their
own experience (psychologically aware, open, and mature)
• Counselor must demonstrate unconditional positive regard toward
the student
• Counselor must demonstrate empathetic understanding of the
student’s internal frame of reference

Basic Listening Sequence

Relationship
• Story/Strengths
• Goals
• Restory
• Action

Piaget stages

Sensorimotor/Preoccupational

Concrete Operational

Formal Operational

Reality Therapy (phases)

Wants, Direction and Doing, Evaluation, Planning

Three types of questions asked during solution-focused therapy

Exception seeking: what was a time you handled a problem effectively?

Scaling: On a scale of 1-10 how well are you handling your
anger?

Miracle: How would your life be different if the problem were to vanish overnight?

Three types of groups according to the ASCA National Model (p. 128)

Academic Development
• Career Development
• Social/Emotional Groups

Questions to ask when creating groups (p. 129)

Why is this group relevant
• Who is this group meant to serve
• Will this be homogenous or heterogenous
• How will I recruit members
• How will I screen for appropriate fit

Ethical considerations of group counseling

Group selection and screening process (ASCA Ethics Code A.6)
• Informed Consent (ASCA Ethics Code A.2)
• Confidentiality (ASCA Ethics Code A.2.a)
• Parent Permission (ASCA Ethics Code A.2.d; B)

Stages of groups

Forming, Orientation, Transition, Working, Consolidation