NYS Biology Regents (NYSSLS) Glossary
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A comprehensive vocabulary set covering the NYS Biology Regents (NYSSLS) standards, including genetics, homeostasis, evolution, ecology, and scientific inquiry.
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33 Terms
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
The molecule that stores genetic instructions.
Enzyme
A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up reactions.
Amino Acid
The building block of proteins.
Gene
A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
Gene Expression
The process by which a gene's instructions are used to make a protein.
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
Carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes.
Mutation
A change in the DNA sequence that may affect protein function.
Protein
A large molecule made of amino acids with many roles in the cell.
Protein Synthesis
The process of making proteins through transcription and translation.
Ribosome
The organelle where proteins are synthesized.
Transcription
The process of copying DNA into mRNA.
Translation
The process of converting mRNA into an amino acid chain at the ribosome.
Antibody
A protein produced by the immune system that targets specific antigens.
Antigen
A substance that triggers an immune response.
Allergen
A harmless substance that causes an immune response in allergic individuals.
Circulatory System
Transports blood, nutrients, gases, and wastes.
Digestive System
Breaks down food into smaller molecules for absorption.
Endocrine System
Releases hormones to regulate body processes.
Excretory System
Removes metabolic wastes from the body.
Gland
An organ that produces and secretes hormones.
Homeostasis
The maintenance of stable internal conditions.
Hormone
A chemical messenger secreted by glands that regulates body functions.
Immune System
Defends the body against pathogens.
Immunity
The body's ability to resist a specific disease.
Nervous System
Sends electrical signals to control body responses.
Organ
A group of tissues performing a specific function.
Organ System
A group of organs working together to perform functions.
Pathogen
A disease-causing organism such as a virus, bacterium, or fungus.
Receptor
A protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action.
Tissue
A group of similar cells with a specific function.
White Blood Cell
A type of immune cell that defends the body from pathogens.
Vaccine
A weakened or inactive form of a pathogen used to stimulate immunity.