AP Biology Unit 3 Photosynthesis Diagram

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

Plants

Can use solar energy and CO2

Heterotroph

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their by-products.

Animals and Fungi

Chemoautotroph

Autotrophic bacteria that derive energy from inorganic sulfur compounds; often live in deep-ocean vents

Can use H2S as the energy source

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate)

main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Granum

A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast

Thylakoids

Disk-shaped structures inside chloroplasts.

A stack of thylakoids makes a granum

Stroma

Fluid within a chloroplast

Surrounds Granum

Contains enzymes to support the Calvin Cycle - the synthesis of carbohydrates during photosynthesis.

How many membranes can be found in a chloroplast

Three

(2) Inner and outer membranes

(1) membrane around the thylakoid

What process explains the multiple layers of membrane in the chloroplast?

The endosymbiotic theory.

Remember the coacervate acrtivity?

Which has a shorter wave length red or blue light?

Blue light - ROY G BIV

Which color has more energy, yellow or orange? Justify

Yellow

Yellow light has a shorter wave length carrying more photons in the same distance as orange light.

What role do decomposers play in the carbon cycle?

they recycle carbon to a usable form for autotrophs.

Where does the Calvin cycle take place

the stroma of thechloroplast

What is the end product of the Calvin Cycle

glucose C₆H₁₂O₆

Which has more energy red or green light?

Green

Which color of light blue or green, has the highest frequency?

blue

Which color of light yellow or green, has the longest wavelength?

Yellow

Symbiosis

a relationship that occurs when two distinct organisms live in close association with one another

Mutualism

a symbiotic relationship in which both participants experience a benefit

Parasitism

a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits while causing harm to the other organism

Carbon Cycle

How would the Calvin cycle be affected if the inner membrane of the chloroplast suddenly became permeable to H+ ions.

You tell me- stretch your brain

Transmission spectrum for chlorophyll

Spontaneous reaction

A reaction that will proceed or occur on its own without an input of energy from its surroundings

Exergonic reaction

Spontaneous

Release energy

(-) G free energy (favorable)

(-) Entropy

Endergonic reaction

Nonspontaneous

Absorbed energy

(+) G free energy (need constant input of energy)

(+) Entropy

Endergonic reaction

Exergonic reaction

Entropy

the waste of usable energy in a system

increases when: ∆G

In an exergonic reaction would the free energy of the products be greater or less than the reactants?

Less b/c the ∆H

Oxidation

The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction

always accompanies reduction

Reduction

the gain of electrons by a substance involved in a redox reaction

always accompanies oxidation

Oxidizing agent

Oxidizing agent gains electrons (gets reduced)

Reducing agent

Reducing agent loses electrons (gets oxidized)

in the reaction, the reducing agent is oxidized

Name the enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide

Rubisco

True or False

In this reaction NADP is the reducing agent

NADP + H+ --> NADPH

NADP+ is the oxidizing agent becauseit is reduced or gained an electron.

Rubisco

the enzyme that accepts CO2 in the Calvin Cycle

Found in C3 Plants

Oxidizing agent

the substance that is reduced

Where is the chloroplast do hydrogen ions accumulate BEFORE being processed by ATP synthase

Inner thylakoid space

Photorespiration

Consumes O2 and organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar

Catabolism

breaks down molecules into smaller units

releases energy.

Hydrogen sulfide bacteria

use H2S hydrogen sulfide as the reducing agent instead of bacteria.

CAM Plants

Category of plants that store CO2 at night for photosynthesizing

Cactus and other succlent plants

Anabolism

Metabolic pathways that construct molecules,

requiring energy.

Outer membrane

Inner membrane

Chemiosmosis

the use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work

Would photosynthesis be an exergonic or endergonicreaction?

endergonic,why?