biob10 lec 1

robert hooke

first to observe dead cells w simple microscope; coined “cell”

anton van leeuwenhoek

first to observe live cells; coined “animalcules”; contructed compound microscopes

cell theory

all living things are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life; new cells are made from pre existing cells

origin of nucleus

prokaryote evaded by another prokaryote to create endosymbiotic relationship with the invading prokaryote’s outer membrane turning into nuclear envelope

endosymbiotic theory nucleus formation

plasma membrane of ancestral prokaryote fold to make endomembrane nucleus and ER and form ancestral eukaryote

endosymbiotic theory mitochondria formation

ancestral eukaryote consumes aerobic bacteria that evolved into mitochondria

endosymbiotic theory chloroplast formation

early eukaryote consumes photosynthetic bacteria that evolved into chloroplasts

unicellular eukaryotes

eukaryotes with only single cells capable of self replication

multicellular organisms

has various types of cells performing diff func; allows cell differentiation; division of labor; intercellular communication

cell differentiation

process of less specialized cell acquiring distinct struc and func characteristics

hydrophilic molecules

polar molecules and ions that are readily soluble in h2o

hydrophobic molecules

nonpolar molecules that are poorly soluble in h2o

hydrogen bonding

caused by electrical attraction between positively and negatively charged regions; determines macromolecule structure and intermolecular interactions

polysaccharides

macromolecules of chains of simple sugars joined by o glycosidic bonds

fatty acids

lipid monomers of long hc chains ending with carboxyl group

phospholipids

major amphipathic component of cell membrane; consists of two nonpolar fatty acids joined to polar glyceral phosphate head