Grammar Test 9/28/26; test on 10/5/26... I think

Non essential appositives

Adds extra info. that do not help identify the noun (has commas)

Essential appositives

Provides necessary info. to help identify the noun (no commas)

Appositive

Noun/noun phrase that explains another noun beside it

Parenthetical

A word/phrase/clause inserted to a sentence to add extra info.

Appositive ask:

“Does this noun/phrase help identify the noun?”

Parenthetical ask:

“Is it extra info. that could be removed without changing the basic meaning of the sentence?”

Simple present

Actions happening now or regularly

Ex: She writes

Present progressive

Ongoing actions

Ex: She is writing

Present perfect

Actions completed recently Ex: She has written

Present perfect progressive

Actions ongoing up to now Ex: She has been writing

Simple past

Completed actions

Ex: They danced

Past progressive

Actions completed in the past

Ex: They were dancing

Past perfect

Actions completed before another past action

Ex: They had danced

Past perfect progressive

Ongoing past actions completed

Ex: They had been dancing

Simple future

Actions that will happen

Ex: I will call

Future progressive

Actions ongoing in the future

Ex: I will be calling

Future perfect

Actions completed before a future time

Ex: I will have called

Future perfect progressive

Actions ongoing until a future point

Ex: I will have been calling