bone practical

frontal bone

anterior cranial fossa

• depression in skull formed by frontal ethmoid and sphenoid bone

• houses frontal lobe of brain

frontal suture

frontal sinus

supraorbital foramina/ notches

supraorbital margins/ridges

parietal bone

lambdoid suture

Sagittal suture

squamous suture

temporal bone

• protects the internal ear

• attachment for muscles of the jaw and head

carotid canal

internal auditory meatus ; VII facial nerve, VIII vestibulocochlear nerve

external auditory meatus

jugular foramen

• internal jugular vein

mandibular fossa

mastoid process

• for muscle attachment

• contains mastoid air cells which connect to ear cavity

petrous portion

• encloses structure of internal ear

styloid process

• attaches tendons and ligaments of the hyoid, tongue, and pharynx

stylomastoid foramen; VII facial nerve

squamous portion

temporal fossa

• temporalis muscle attachment

zygomatic process

occipital bone

foramen magnum; spinal cord

• connects cranial cavity with vertebral canal

• surrounds connection between brain and spinal cord

hypoglossal canal; XII Hypoglossal nerve

jugular foramen; internal jugular vein, IX glossopharyngeal nerve, X vagus nerve, XI Accessory nerve

occipital condyles

superior nuchal line

wormian bones

sphenoid bone

• forms part of cranial floor

• strengthens sides of skulls

blue

body of sphenoid bone

foramen lacerum; internal carotid artery, auditory tube

foramen ovale; V trigeminal nerve (mandibular branch)

foramen rotundum; V trigeminal nerve (maxillary branch)

foramen spinosum; middle meningeal nerve

dark blue

greater wing

dark green

lesser wings

hypophyseal (pituitary) fossa

optic canal/foramen; II optic nerve

light green

pterygoid plates and processes

• where muscles attach the move mandible

whole thing

sella turcica

sphenoid sinus

superior orbital fissure; III oculomotor, IV trochlear, V Trigeminal (ophthalmic branch), VI abducens

ethmoid bone

cribriform plate

olfactory foramina; I olfactory

crista galli

• attaches falx cerebri

ethmoid sinus

perpendicular plate

bones of nasal cavity

lateral framework: frontal processes of maxilla

floor: hard palate

nasal bones (bridge)

lacrimal bones

hole

lacrimal foramen

vomer bone - inferior aspect articulated with palatine process of maxilla and horizontal plates of palatine. The superior aspect articulates with perpendicular plate of ethmoid and inferior aspect of body of sphenoid

inferior nasal conchae

• slows inhaled air

• and increases air turbulence in the nasal cavity

• Humidifies and warms the air before it reaches the lungs.

temporal bone part

zygomatic process of temporal bone

zygomatic arch

palatine bone

horizontal plate

orbital process

• protects eye

maxilla

alveolar margin and process

frontal processes

incisive foramen

• connects nasal and oral cavities

maxillary sinus

palatine process

mandible

alveolar margin

angle

body

mandibular condyles

coronoid process

mental foramen

ramus

hyoid bone

• attatches muscles of larynx, pharynx, tongue

• articulates with styloid process of temporal

stylohyoid ligaments to styloid process of temporal bone

styloid process

suprahyoid muscles and infrahyoid muscles pull the hyoid bone dorsally when swallowing: aids in swallowing

body of vertebrae

vertebral foramen

laminae

pedicles

superior articulating process

inferior articulating process

transverse process

superior articulatinf facet

spinous process

cervical vertebrae

what is different about the cervical vertebrae

short bifid spinous process

transverse foramen

atlas (c1)

fovea dentis

inferior facets for the axis

superior facets for occipital condyles

axis (c2)

dens/odontoid process

thoracic vertebrae