Chemestry~Solutions

Colloid

particles that do not dissolve or settle

EX: milk butter mayo, blood

Suspension

Components are not evenly distributed, individual particles are visible and will settle

Solute

Component present inn amounts less than solvent

EX: sugar

Solvent

Component present in the greatest amount

EX~ water

Solution

Contains 2 molecules, Solute and solvent

How do you answer “How would you make”

I would weigh___g of NaCl, dissolved in water,and bring total v of ___

Given Mass Use percentage as a conversion factor

Have 4.5g NaCl, how much volume of 0.9% (m/v) solution can you make

Conversion factor is .9 NaCl= 100Ml solution

Start with 4.5

plug in conversion factor

Dillution Equation

C1*v1=C2*V2

ppm

Parts per million mg solute/L solution

ppb

Parts per billion ug solute/ L solution

Molarity

moles per liter (mol/L) abbreviation=Mx

Molar mass

sum of the elements mass on the periodic table

Molar mass as a conversion factor

grams of A—/molar mass—>Moles of A

Moles of A—*molar mass—> Grams of A

Given Mass Valculate moles

How many moles of calsium are in 8.8g of Calsium

start with measurement

mol/g conversion

answer look at sheet

Molarity

Moles per liter

Formula: mol/L

Hydrophobic effect

hydrophobic (non polar) molecules cannot hydrogen bond so instead they self-associate away from water

Ampipathic

molecules that contain polar and non-polar parts

Amphipathic molecules can form

Micelles or Bilayers

Dialysis

The diffusion of solute across a membrane

Goal: make SOLUTE concentration equal on both sides of the membrane

Osmosis

Movement of water molecules from low to high concentration

properties of water that support life

1. Thermal properties like high heat of vaporization, high heat of fusion, high heat capacity.
2. Solvent properties like the hydrophobic effect or dissolving polar molecules but not
nonpolar.
3. Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water so ice floats.

Solubility Rules

All group 1 element salts

all group 17 except w/ silver or lead

all ammonium

electrolytes

Dissolved ions hat conduct electricity

Important for cells to pass electrical signals through nerves and regulate blood pressure

Strong Vs weak electrolyte

Strong: completely dissociate into ions conduct electricity easily,more ions higher concentration

Weak: dont completely dissociate into ions and conduct electricity weakly