It Project Management Midterm

Which characteristic highlights a difference between projects and operations?

Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization’s operations are ongoing in nature.

Which objective is true of projects?

They have a unique purpose.

The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project.

project sponsor

Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which constraint is Galaxy currently facing?

Resources

Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____.

the Robinson family

Which knowledge area involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully?

Project scope management

An important tool for project scope management is _____.

a work breakdown structure

Which tool is most likely to be used in project schedule management?

Gantt charts

Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management.

schedule

In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used?

Cost

Which tool can best help in efficient communication management?

Kick-off meetings

A _____ is a tool used in risk management.

probability matrix

Which of the following refers to a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong?

Ethics

Enterprise project management software is also known as a _____ tool of project management software.

high-end

What is a difference between low-end and midrange tools of the project management software?

Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.

Which statement best describes outsourcing?

An organization’s acquisition of goods and services from an outside source

Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which departments within an organization are encouraged to coordinate with each other?

Unit integration

Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?

A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

In what type of organizational structure do project managers have the most authority?

Project

In which systems development life cycle do model developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously?

Prototyping life cycle

Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development?

In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

Which systems development life cycle model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined?

Waterfall life cycle

Projects must operate in a broad organizational environment, and project managers need to consider projects within the greater organizational context. Which approach describes the holistic view of carrying out projects within the context of the organization?

Systems thinking

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?

In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

Organizational culture

Which planning process is associated with project scope management?

Collecting requirements

Which is true about the agile method?

It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product.

What is often the most difficult and unappreciated process in project management?

planning

The project stakeholder management knowledge area maps to which process group by identifying stakeholders?

initiating

The project management plan is the output of which project planning process?

integration management

What is the main purpose of project plans?

guide project execution

Which is an example of a pre-initiation task?

Developing a business case for a project

The organization recognizes that a new project exists and completes a project charter during which processes for a new project?

initiating

Which planning process is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area?

Creation of a WBS

Which project would be compatible with the use of the agile approach?

Projects that have more flexible scheduling

The primary purpose of the Initiation Phase is to:

Authorize the project and define its purpose

Which of the following is an output of the Initiation Phase?

Project Charter

The business need in a project describes:

The problem, opportunity, or demand that justifies the project

Which of the following is NOT a common reason for a business need?

Assigning daily work to team members

Which document formally gives the Project Manager authority to use organizational resources?

Project Charter

The person who typically provides funding and overall approval for a project is the:

Project Sponsor

Which of the following is NOT typically included in a Project Charter?

Detailed task assignments

Stakeholders are any individuals or groups who can affect or are affected by the project.

True

Once stakeholders are identified in the Initiation Phase, the list cannot change later in the project.

False

The Project Charter is sometimes called the “birth certificate” of the project because it authorizes the project to exist.

True

Which of the following best defines project scope?

The boundaries of what the project will and will not deliver

Scope planning ensures that all stakeholder expectations are clearly defined and documented before work begins.

True

Which document includes objectives, deliverables, boundaries, and acceptance criteria?

Project Scope Statement

What is scope creep?

Uncontrolled changes or additions to the project scope without proper approval

The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is used to:

Break down project work into smaller, manageable components

Which of the following is NOT typically part of the scope baseline?

Risk Register

Scope verification involves obtaining stakeholder acceptance of completed deliverables.

True

Which of the following is an example of scope creep?

Adding a new feature after approval without updating schedule or budget

Which is a direct benefit of effective scope planning?

Ensures clear stakeholder expectations

Scope control is primarily concerned with:

Monitoring scope status and managing changes to the scope baseline

What is the main purpose of a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)?

To divide project work into manageable components

Which of the following best describes the lowest level of a WBS?

Work package

The WBS focuses on project deliverables, not on the activities or tasks required to produce them.

True

Which numbering convention is commonly used in WBS structures?

Decimal numbering (1.0, 1.1, 1.1.1)

The WBS Dictionary provides detailed descriptions of each WBS element, including responsibilities and deliverables.

True

In project management, a well-developed WBS helps with all of the following EXCEPT:

Guaranteeing project success

Which of the following is a key characteristic of a WBS?

It is deliverable-oriented

What does each level of the WBS represent?

Increasingly detailed breakdowns of project deliverables

The 100% Rule means that the WBS should include 100% of the work defined by the project scope.

True

Which document is MOST directly supported by a WBS?

Schedule and Cost Estimates

The critical path is the shortest path through a project schedule.

False

Leads and lags are used to adjust the timing relationships between dependent tasks.

True

In project scheduling, what is a “milestone”?

A key event or checkpoint that signifies major progress

Which of the following best describes the Critical Path Method (CPM)?

A scheduling method that identifies the longest path through dependent activities

What is the primary goal of project time management?

To ensure the project is completed on time

The amount of time that a task can be delayed without delaying the overall project is called:

Slack or Float

The process of defining activities involves identifying and documenting the specific actions to be performed to produce project deliverables.

True

When creating a project schedule, which of the following should be determined first?

Defining activities

Which of the following tools shows activities, durations, dependencies, and start and finish dates in a visual timeline?

Gantt Chart

What is the purpose of sequencing project activities?

To identify the correct order in which tasks should occur