✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎PSY 3280: Chapter Four: SENSATION & PERCEPTION, PART 2

Why is object recognition is important?

Necessary for applying knowlede and learning

What is like for patients with associative Agnosia?

Can see objects but unable to link knowledge to what the object is

Where does recognition begins with?

Features

The advantages of a feature-based system?

-Building Blocks of preception

-Objects commonalities needed for search

-Cruical for visual search

The differences between parallel and serial search

Parallel: pop out effect--one feature at the time

Serial: One feature need, which is need to look one by one in a group or series

Apperceptive agnosia

the lack of ability to organize elements that they see in regards to an intact object.

What is Tachistoscope Methodology process?

1. A stimulus (word, letter, or random set of letters) flashed

2. Identification of the stimulus by the participant

3. The experimenter can stimuli, presentation time, or the context

Frequency effects

The effect of recognition after presentations for printed words compared to words appearing only rarely

Priming Effects

-recently viewed words = recognized more often

-repetition priming

What is a neural network?

A neural network is made up of groups of neurons that work together to detect different things.

What is a receptive field in a neural network?

A receptive field means a detector responds to a specific shape, pattern, or location.

What happens to a detector in a neural network as it receives more input?

The more input a detector receives, the more active it becomes.

What occurs when a detector's activation reaches a certain threshold?

The detector fires.

What effect does one detector firing have on other connected detectors?

It increases the activation of the other detectors it is connected to.

How do simple detectors relate to complex detectors in a neural network?

Simple detectors connect to more complex detectors, allowing the network to recognize more complicated things.

What could explain feature nets in two words?

-Reptition priming

-Familarity

reptition priming

more recent words are more recognized

Familarity

more frequent words in the langauge are more recognized

What happens to the detectors when both of these results?

detectors have a higher activation level

Word-Superiority effect

tendency to identify a letter more accurately when it is part of a word than when it is presented by itself

What is world superiority based on?

Probability

The latter of bigram detectors

Feature -> letter -> Bigram -> Word

word superiority effect: Feed Foward

the letters only go one way

Feature net model have what

-inhibitory and feedback

Inhibition

Helps singal the reduction activation

Feedback

Helps with the detection effect activation of lower order detector

Feature net featues

-Not represented local knowledge

-contains distrbuation of knowledge

-efficiency exist for the sacrifice accuracy

How can errors aise from feature net?

The limitations of the network's ability to deal with inputs and recover fromerros

Bottom Up Perception features

senses and feature

Bottom up perception: information and perception

-Parts are organized into a whole

-stimulus provides information

Top-Down Perception features

Context and priming

Top Down perception: Information and perception

-the whole and THEN, the indivdual parts are need

-experience driven > stimulus data

-a source of misperception

TRUE/FALSE: obeject is complicated

TRUE

Recognition by Geons

-theory of object recognition is based on genos

-feature nets that 'bulid up' of geons to get to a whole objects

What are geons?

basic units of objects

The Geon viewpoint invariant recognition

the recogniation of objects from just a few geons

Theoy of recognition by mutiple views

the ability to identification of an object from multiple angles and views

A disadvantage of Theoy of recognition by mutiple views

it is just too many views to store objects

A solution to the disvantage

-a subset

-a mental images to rotate to store views

What happens after the solution is applied to the Theoy of recognition by mutiple views?

-Speed of recognition

-Rotation takes time to set

Prosopagnosia

inability to recognize different faces

What makes special identification occur?

-interpretation of face

-high expertise

-recognization of special individuals

-important configurations of component parts

Hollistic Processing

perceptual analysis that emphasizes overall shape of object

-face perception reflects the whole