Exam 2 - Advanced Imaging intro

which imaging modalities are ionizing

x-ray

ct

nuclear medicine

which imaging modalities are non-ionizing

mri

ultrasound

which imaging modality is the oldest and most frequently used form of medical imaging

x ray

which imaging modality produces a 3D image through the use of xray attenuation

ct

which imaging modality uses small amount of radioactive material and a special camera to create images

nuclear medicine

which imaging modality uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to detect hydrogen in tissues

mri

which imaging modality uses sound waves to produce pictures of the internal structures of the body

ultrasound

what does sensitivity detect

something abnormal

a good sensitive test has few what

false negative

sensitivity is great for ruling a pathology ____

out

what is specificity good for

locating

specificity can have a relatively high number of ___ negative tests and is therefore ___ a good test for ruling things out

false, not

specificity is good for ruling a pathology ____

in

what is the gold standard imaging for MSK bone anatomy

xray

what percentage of bone must be destroyed to be reliably detected by xrays

50-70%

can xrays be used to rule out pathology

no

what do xrays assess

bone detail, fractures, joint spaces

what do CTs assess

bone, chest, abdomen (organ details)

3D, cross section

what do MRIs assess

soft tissue and bone marrow (hydrogen content)

what do bone scans assess

physiological detail

osteoBLASTIC activity

what do PET scans assess

physiology detail

glucose metabolism

what do ultrasounds assess

peripheral structures of soft tissue and fluid detail

how does bone marrow transform as we age

regresses from hematopoietic to fatty marrow

marrow conversion from hematopoietic to fatty converts ____ to ____

peripherally, centrally

what imaging is best for noting abnormal bone marrow patterns for age

mri

avulsion fractures are typically easily seen through the use of ____ and complex fractures are further evaluated through the use of ____

xray, ct

What imaging choice could we use to assess the marrow compartment and surrounding soft tissues?

a. ct

b. mri

c. ultrasound

d. nuclear medicine

b

If there is concern for spread of this process, what could we utilize next?

a. MRI

b. ultrasound

c. CT

d. nuclear medicine

d

what is the minimum amount of views required for xrays

2 90 degree views

what does cross-sectional imaging allow us to view

anatomical structures from a 3D perspective

what anatomical planes are utilized in cross sectional imaging

sagittal (side view)

axial (top down)

coronal (front to back)

A patient is noted to have Pagets Disease of Bone (image). What study would help you to assess the osteoblastic activity noted in this diagnosis that is occurring in other location in the body?

a. mri

b. ct

c. ultrasound

d. nuclear medicine

d

Your initial x-ray showed no fracture of the scaphoid (radiographically occult) with continued high clinical suspicion for fracture. What would be the next best study for assessing for fracture?

a. ct

b. mri

c. ultrasound

d. nuclear medicine

What does an MRI show us that digital x-ray does not that would be helpful in this case?

a. cellular activity

b. edema/inflammation

c. cortical bone offset

b

b