Lecture Exam 2 Ultimate Study Guide

What are the two primary regions of the skin structure?

The epidermis and the dermis.

What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?

Avascular stratified squamous epithelium.

What cell type is the most abundant in the epidermis, producing keratin?

Keratinocytes.

What is the function of melanocytes in the skin?

Synthesize melanin from tyrosine to protect against UV radiation.

Which epidermal layer is composed of rapidly dividing stem cells?

Stratum basale.

What layer of the dermis is composed of areolar connective tissue?

Papillary layer.

What is the superficial layer of the epidermis called?

Stratum corneum.

What are the three types of skin pigments?

Melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.

What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

Produce oily sebum to lubricate skin and hair.

What are the two types of sweat glands?

Eccrine glands and apocrine glands.

How are burns classified?

Into partial-thickness (first and second degree) and full-thickness (third degree).

What does diploid mean in the context of sexual reproduction?

Organisms have two sets of chromosomes (2n).

What occurs during Prophase I of Meiosis I?

Homologous chromosomes form tetrads and undergo crossing over.

What is the result of a monohybrid cross between heterozygotes?

An F2 phenotypic ratio of 3:1 and a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1.

What is codominance?

When two alleles are expressed equally in heterozygotes.

What is pleiotropy?

A single gene affecting multiple phenotypic traits.

What type of inheritance includes traits located on sex chromosomes?

Sex-linked traits.

What is the primary immediate threat from burns?

Dehydration/circulatory shock.

What is the difference between Meiosis I and Meiosis II?

Meiosis I separates homologous chromosomes, while Meiosis II separates sister chromatids.