Bio 6 Lab Practical #1

mitosis

part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

meiosis

Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms

syngamy

the fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction.

gametes

reproductive cells

spores

a tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism

alternation of generations

the alternation between the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte in a plant's life cycle

1n

Symbol for haploid number of chromosomes in a cell.

2n

Symbol for diploid number of chromosomes in a cell.

Gameotophyte

multicellular haploid plant, produces gametes by mitosis, gametes fuse during fertilization to produce the diploid sporophyte embryo

sporophyte

Diploid, or spore-producing, phase of an organism

Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote cells

Eukaryote cells-Membrane bound organelles, nucleus

Prokaryote cells-Simple cells, no nucleus; example-bacteria

longitudinal section

lengthwise cut

cross-section

something that has been cut in half so that you can see the inside; a cutting or piece of something cut off at right angles to an axis; a plane cut through an object or specimen

whole mount

whole organism or specimen

Linnaean Classification

domain, kingdom, phylum

cladistic classification

domain, supergroup, and clade(s)

laminaria (brown algae)

Domain: eukarya

Kingdom: protist

Phylum: phaeophyta

Supergroup: SAR

Clade 1: stramenopiles

Clade 2: brown algae

diatoms

Domain: eukarya

Kingdom: protist

Phylum: chrysophyta

Supergroup: SAR

Clade 1: stramenopiles

Clade 2: diatoms

Dinoflagellates

Domain: eukarya

Kingdom: protist

Phylum: Pyrrhophyta

Supergroup: SAR

Clade 1: Alveolate

Clade 2: Dinoflagellate

oedogonium

Domain: eukarya

Kingdom: protist

Phylum: chlorophyta

Supergroup: archeaeplastida

Clade: chlorophytes

fern

Domain: eukarya

Kingdom: plantae

Phylum: monilophyta

Supergroup: archeaeplastida

Clade: plants

moss

Domain: eukarya

Kingdom: plantae

Phylum: bryophyta

Supergroup: archeaeplastida

Clade: plants

spirogyra

Domain: eukarya

Kingdom: protist

Phylum: chlorophyta

Supergroup: archeaeplastida

Clade: chlorophytes

elodea

Domain: eukarya

Kingdom: plantae

Supergroup: archeaeplastida

Clade: plant

humans (buccal epithelial cells)

domain: eukarya

kingdom: animalia

phylum: chordata

supergroup: unikonta

clade: opisthokonts

gymnosperm

domain: eukarya

kingdom: plantae

phylum: coniferophyta

supergroup: archaeplastida

clade: plants

angiosperm

domain: eukarya

kingdom: plantae

phylum: anthophyta

supergroup: archaeplastida

clade: plants

monocot

embyro: one cotyledon

leaf venation: usually parallel

stems: vascular tissue random

roots: fibrous, no dominant root

flowers: petals in multiples of three

eudicot

embyro: two cotyledon

leaf venation: usually netlike

stems: vascular tissue ordered

roots: taproot as dominant root

flowers: petals in multiples of four or five