A&P1 Exam 2 Lab Manuel Questions

WHAT IS A CONDYLE?

a rounded articular projection

WHAT IS A CREST?

a narrow ridge of bone

WHAT IS A FACET?

a smooth nearly flat articular surface

WHAT IS A FISSURE?

a narrow, slit-like opening

WHAT IS A FORAMEN?

a round or oval opening through bone

WHAT IS A FOSSA?

a shallow basin-like depression in the bone

WHAT IS A GROOVE?

a furrow

WHAT IS A HEAD (BONE MARKING)?

a bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

WHAT IS A LINE (BONE MARKING)?

a narrow ridge of bone (but less prominent than a crest)

WHAT IS A MEATUS?

a canal-like passageway

WHAT IS A NOTCH?

an indentation at the edge of a structure

WHAT IS A PROCESS?

it's any bony prominence

WHAT IS A RAMUS?

an arm-like bar of bone

WHAT IS A SINUS?

it's a bone cavity filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

WHAT IS A SPINE?

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

WHAT IS A TROCHANTER?

a large, blunt, irregularly shaped process (only seen in femur)

WHAT IS A TUBERCLE?

a small rounded projection

WHAT IS A TUBEROSITY?

a large rounded projection

WHAT IS AN EPICONDYLE?

a raised area on or above a condyle

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A TROCHANTER CAN BE FOUND

femur

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A LINE (BONE MARKING) CAN BE FOUND

femur (linea aspera)

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A CONDYLE CAN BE FOUND

mandible

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A EPICONDYLE CAN BE FOUND

femur

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A HEAD (BONE MARKING) CAN BE FOUND

femur

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A RAMUS CAN BE FOUND

mandible

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A SPINE CAN BE FOUND

pelvis

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A NOTCH CAN BE FOUND

mandible

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A CREST CAN BE FOUND

ilium

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A FACET CAN BE FOUND

ribs

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A TUBERCLE CAN BE FOUND

humerus

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A FISSURE CAN BE FOUND

skull (superior orbital fissure)

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A MEATUS CAN BE FOUND

temporal bone

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A SINUS CAN BE FOUND

skull (ethmoid sinus)

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A FOSSA CAN BE FOUND

ilium

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A GROOVE CAN BE FOUND

radius

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A PROCESS CAN BE FOUND

skull (mastoid region)

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A FORAMEN CAN BE FOUND

occipital bone

GIVE ONE AREA OR BONE WHERE A TUBEROSITY CAN BE FOUND

tibia

____________ ARE FIBROUS BANDS THAT FORM BETWEEN THE SURFACES WHERE BONES MEET

adhesions

_____________ IS AN INFECTION OF THE MASTOID PROCESS

mastoiditis

__________ IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE SINUSES

sinusitis

______________ IS LITERALLY "WATER ON THE KNEE" DUE TO HARD BLOW TO THE KNEE/ DAMAGE/ INFLAMMATION OF BURSAE

bursitis

______________ IS AN INFLAMMATION OF THE MENINGES DUE TO INFECTION

meningitis

A ____________ IS THE EXCESSIVE STRETCHING OR TEARING AWAY OF LIGAMENTS REINFORCING A JOINT FROM THEIR BONY ATTACHMENT

sprain

A _____________ IS THE FORCING OF A BONE FROM IT'S NORMAL POSITION, USUALLY WITH RESPECT TO AN ARTICULATION POINT / SYNOVIAL JOINT

dislocation

A___________ IS ANY EXTRANEOUS BONE GROWTH IN ALONG THE EDGES OF A JOINT

spur

AN ABNORMALLY THIN EPIPHYSEAL PLATE INDICATES

growth retardation

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF GROWTH RETARDATION/ PROBLEMS WITH LONG BONE GROWTH WHICH IS SEEN BY USING AN X-RAY

pituitary dwarfism

IN A ________________ THE NUCLEUS PULPOSUS HERNIATES THROUGH THE ANNULUS PORTION COMPRESSING ADJACENT NERVES

ruptured disc

WHAT IRREGULARITY IN SPINAL CURVATURE CHARACTERIZES KYPHOSIS

excessive thoracic curvature (towards anterior)

WHAT IRREGULARITY IN SPINAL CURVATURE CHARACTERIZES LORDOSIS

excessive lumbar curvature (towards posterior)

WHAT IRREGULARITY IN SPINAL CURVATURE CHARACTERIZES SCOLIOSIS

excessive lateral curvature

WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF SINUSITIS?

an allergy/bacterial invasion of the sinus cavities

______________ IS A GRADUAL LOSS OF BONE MASS THAT RESULTS IN WEAK BONES

osteoporosis

A CHRONIC DIETARY DEFICIENCY IN THE MINERAL________CONTRIBUTES TO THE CAUSE OF OSTEOPOROSIS. (BE SPECIFIC)

calcium

A DECREASE IN THE HORMONE ___________CONTRIBUTES TO OSTEOPOROSIS

estrogen

A DEFICIENCY IN VITAMIN ___________, CONTRIBUTES TO OSTEOPOROSIS

C & D

AN ABNORMALLY BRITTLE AND PITTED TRABECULAE IN SPONGY BONE CAN ACCOMPANY WHICH DISEASE?

osteoporosis

CHRONIC ________________ ABUSE CAN AFFECT THE RISK OF DEVELOPING OSTEOPOROSIS (BE SPECIFIC)

alcohol/drug

IN WHAT AGE GROUP IS OSTEOPOROSIS MOST PREVALENT?

elderly

IN WHAT SEX AND AGE GROUP IS OSTEOPOROSIS MOST PREVALENT?

menopausal women

NAME A CHRONIC ILLNESS, MENTIONED IN LAB (IN HANDOUT), THAT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS

anemia/cancer

TAKING WHICH DRUGS MAY CAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS (GIVE ONE)

laxatives/anticoagulants

WHAT IS THE ONE NATURAL CAUSE OF OSTEOPOROSIS

aging

WHAT TYPE OF EXERCISE IS RECOMMENDED TO DECREASE BONE LOSS AND PROMOTE BONE GROWTH

load bearing exercise

_________ FRACTURE IS A BREAK IN THE DISTAL PORTION OF THE RADIUS

colles

___________ FRACTURES SHATTER THE AFFECTED AREA INTO A MULTITUDE OF BONY FRAGMENTS

comminuted

______________ FRACTURES ARE PRODUCED BY TWISTING STRESSES THAT SPREAD ALONG THE LENGTH OF A BONE

spiral

A _________ FRACTURE OCCURS IN VERTEBRAE SUBJECTED TO EXTREME STRESSES

compression

A ____________ FRACTURE PRODUCES NEW AND ABNORMAL BONE ARRANGEMENTS

displaced

A _____________ FRACTURE BREAKS A SHAFT BONE ACROSS ITS LONG AXIS

transverse

AN ___________ FRACTURE TENDS TO OCCUR WHERE THE BONE MATRIX IS UNDERGOING CALCIFICATION AND CHONDROCYTES ARE DYING

epiphyseal

IN FRACTURES ONLY ONE SIDE OF THE SHAFT IS BROKEN AND IN ______________ FRACTURES ONLY ONE SIDE OF THE SHAFT IS BROKEN AND THE OTHER IS BENT

greenstick

_______________ IS A MOVEMENT OF A LIMB AWAY FROM THE MIDLINE OR MEDIAN PLANE OF THE BODY

abduction

_____________ IS MOVEMENT OF A LIMB TOWARDS THE MIDLINE OF THE BODY

adduction

______________ ARE SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS

amphiarthroses

GIVE TWO CHARACTERISTIC OF A SYNOVIAL JOINT

produces synovial fluid & are freely movable

AN ____________ IS A JOINT, A PLACE WHERE TWO BONES MEET

articulation

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT

glenohumeral joint

______________ JOINTS ARE HELD TOGETHER BY A PLATE OR PAD OF CARTILAGE

cartilaginous

_____________ IS THE MOVEMENT OF THE DISTAL END OF A BONE IN A CIRCLE, TRACING A CONE WHILE THE PROXIMAL END REMAINS STATIONARY

circumduction

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A CONDYLOID JOINT

wrist (radiocarpal) joint

WHEN A MUSCLE HAS A _____________, IT'S FIBERS SHORTEN, THE INSERTION MOVES TOWARDS THE ORIGIN

contraction

______________ ARE FREELY MOVEABLE JOINTS

diarthrosis joints

_______________ IS A MOVEMENT OF ANKLE JOINT IN DORSAL DIRECTION (FOOT POINTS UPWARD)

dorsiflexion

A _____________ IS THE FORCING OF A BONE FROM IT'S NORMAL POSITION, USUALLY WITH RESPECT TO AN ARTICULATION POINT / SYNOVIAL JOINT

dislocation

___________ IS A LATERAL TURNING OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT

eversion

_____________ IS A MOVEMENT THAT INCREASES THE ANGLE OF THE JOINT, AND INCREASES THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO BONES

extension

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A SYNDESMOSIS

tibiofibular joint

___________ JOINTS ARE JOINTS THAT ARE HELD TOGETHER BY FIBROUS TISSUE, MOSTLY SYNARTHROTIC

fibrous

_____________ IS A MOVEMENT THAT DECREASES THE ANGLE OF THE JOINT REDUCING THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO BONES

flexion

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A HINGE JOINT

elbow joint

_____________ IS AN EXTENSION GREATER THEN 180 DEGRESS

hyperextension

EVERY MUSCLE IS ATTACHED TO BONE OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AT TWO POINTS: THE ORIGIN, THE STATIONARY, IMMOVABLE, OR LESS MOVABLE ATTACHMENT, AND THE _____________ -THE MOVABLE ATTACHMENT

insertion

_____________ IS A MEDIAL TURNING OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT

inversion

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A SYNCHONDROSIS

epiphyseal plate

EVERY MUSCLE IS ATTACHED TO BONE OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE AT TWO POINTS, THE ________________ - THE STATIONARY, IMMOVABLE, OR LESS MOVABLE ATTACHMENT, AND THE INSERTION - THE MOVABLE ATTACHMENT

origin

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A PIVOT JOINT

atlantoaxial joint

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF A PLANE JOINT

intertarsal joint

____________ IS A FLEXING OF THE FOOT DOWNWARDS

plantar flexion