Chapter 17 things I need to memorize pt3

Surgical excision during thyroid surgery

Hypoparathyroidism

Fatal tenany (spasms in larynx) due to decline of blood calcium

Hypoparathyroidism

Excess PTH secretion

Hyperparathyroidism

Parathyroid tumor

Hyperparathyroidism

Bones become soft, fragile, and deformed, promotes renal calculi formation

Hyperparathyroidism

inner core, 10% to 20% of gland

Adrenal medulla

Both an endocrine gland and a ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system

Adrenal medulla

Innervated by sympathetic preganglionic fibers

Adrenal medulla

Consists of modified sympathetic postganglionic neurons

called chromaffin cell

Adrenal medulla

When stimulated, release catecholamines

Adrenal medulla

Catecholamines

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Mobilize high-energy fuels, lactate, fatty acids, and glucose

Adrenal medulla

Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis by liver

Adrenal medulla

Inhibits insulin secretion (glucose-sparing effect)

Epinephrine

Mineralocorticoids is found in the

Adrenal Cortex

The main mineralocorticoids is called

Aldosterone

Cause the kidneys to retain sodium and water and excrete potassium, increasing blood volume and blood pressure.

Aldosterone

Glucocorticoids is found in the

Adrenal Cortex

The main glucocorticoids is called

Cortisol

Raise blood glucose, promote fat and protein breakdown, help the body respond to stress, and suppress inflammation.

Cortisol

Sex steroids is found in the

Adrenal Cortex

Set libido throughout life; large role in prenatal male development

Androgens

Important after menopause

Estradiol

Excess cortisol secretion

Cushing syndrome

Hyperglycemia, hypertension, weakness, edema

Cushing syndrome

Rapid muscle and bone loss due to protein catabolism

Cushing syndrome

Abnormal fat deposition; moon face and buffalo hum

Cushing syndrome

Adrenal androgen hypersecretion (accompanies Cushing

Adrenogenital syndrome

Enlargement of external sexual organs in children and early

onset of puberty

Adrenogenital syndrome

Masculinizing effects on women

Adrenogenital syndrome

Deficient cortisol and/or aldosterone

Addison’s Disease

Hypoglycemia, Hypotension, Weakness, Weight loss, and Hyperpigmentation

Addison’s Disease