crm psych exam 2

a man punches another man what type of aggression is this and is this indirect or direct

this is an example of active direct aggression

a person spews insults behind your back what aggression is this and is this indirect or direct

this is an example of passive indirect aggression

a person spews insults at you right in front of your face what aggression is this

this is an example of active direct aggression

a person is refusing to speak with you what aggression is this

passive direct aggression

a person is refusing to send money or refuses to do any work on a group project what aggression is this

this is an example of passive indirect aggression

reactive impulsive

  Spontaneous aggression, typically in response to provocation

  Ex: homicides, rapes, other violence

controlled instrumental

Planned aggression to accomplish a specific purpose

Ex: robbery, burglary, white collar, and political crimes

the behavior does not serve a legitimate function that could not also be obtained by nonviolent means

non-essential

acts that victims do not desire or seek from the perpetrator

unwanted

malicious behavior purposely designed to cause harm or damage, involves malice aforethought

intentional

actions that result in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation

harmful

frustration - aggression hypothesis, what can aggression also mean instead of frustration what does frustration mean

pain and sexual arousal, often means goals and expectations are not reached if there is no expectation of achieving goals

cognitive scripts model (houseman)

behavior?

controlled through cognitive scirpts learns through daily experiences

cognitive scripts model (houseman)

what do scripts suggest

what events are likely to happen in an environment, how people should behave in response to these events, and what the likely outcome of these behaviors would be

cognitive scripts model (huesmann)

emotions?

embedded in our memory as guides in how to act in certain scenarios, they play a part well influencing how we cognitively select scripts and how we evaluate them

hostile attribution model

more likely to interpret ambiguous actions as hostile and threatening

peer rejection and exposure to violence are contributing factors to what?

hostile attribution model

instigating triggers

discrete incidents that arouse aggressive tendencies

impelling forces:

forces that increase the likelihood of aggression after the instigating trigger

inhibiting forces

factors that increase the likelihood of aggression will be mitigated

overt aggression: Behavior patterns

Direct confrontation with victims; generally, decreases with age

Overt aggression: Emotions

Anger, high level of arousal and violence

overt aggression: Cognitions

Lacks social cognitions for coming up with non-aggressive solutions

overt aggression: Development

Aggression begins early, especially boys

covert aggression: behavior patterns

Concealment, dishonestly, sneaky behavior, increases with age

covert aggression: emotions

Less emotion; crimes such as fraud, larceny, and theft

covert aggression: cognitions

Relies on cognitive capabilities, such as planfulness deceitfulness 

covert aggression: development

Can evolve as well-learned strategy to escape punishment

physical aggression more prevalent in

males

what are the differences and similarities in aggression of gender

males and females have equal potential to be physically aggressive at birth, but are socialized differently

more likely to use covert, indirect, and verbal forms of aggression (abandoning one friend for another, malicious gossip, ridiculing)

females

offenders who demonstrate a lifelong pattern of antisocial behavior who are resistant to treatment

Life course persistent offenders

Offenders who demonstrates delinquency or antisocial behavior only during teen years and stops offending into adulthood

Adolescent limited offenders

Similar to adolescent limited, but do not fully achieve adulthood until after the age of 25

  Emerging adulthood offenders

comparing LCP and AL

which offender consists of and early age (early as 3), criminal behavior continues throughout life, often shows neurological problems, below average in academics, and interpersonal and social skills are below average

life course persistent

comparing LCP and AL

which offender consists of crime beginning in later life, behavior stops after adulthood, typically normal without neurological problems, above or average on academics, and interpersonal and social skills average to above average

adolescent limited

which one is not a sign of early onset

inept parenting less severe

which one is not a sign of late onset

high likelihood of arrest as a adult

how many youth come into contact with the juvenile justice system

2 million

what percentage have an exposure to some sort of adverse childhood experience

75%

over how much percent do the youth that come into contact have a substance abue issue

over 50%

which is not a characteristic of a successful program

they focus on one setting and system

Intervention programs designed to prevent behavior before it develops (prenatal care, family management programs for preschool children)

Primary prevention (universal)

Working with specific children and adolescents who are at high risk

Secondary prevention (selective)

Reduce or eliminate behaviors that are already present in youth

Tertiary prevention

Person who demonstrates a cluster of psychological, interpersonal, and neurophysiological features, lacking conscience and empathy

psychopath

Individuals who demonstrate
physiological and behavioral features that represent psychopathy

primary psychopathy

Commit antisocial acts because of severe
emotional problems and inner conflicts

secondary psychopathy

individuals who display aggressive,
antisocial behavior learned from subcultures

dyssocial psychopaths

A disorder characterized by a history of continuous behavior
where the rights of others are violated

antisocial personality disorder

what percent of the general population is estimated to be a psychopath

1%

what percent incarcerated are criminal psychopaths

15-20% research suggests around 11%

what is overrepresented among psychopathic offenders, with much of their offending more brutal than other sex offenders, thrill seeking and sadistic motivation as opposed to sexual gratification

rape and sexual assault

what kind of murder is deemed not to be psychopathic

serial killers

what is not one of the characteristics that the psychopathy checklist assesses

environmental deviance

Some believe it’s been overused and assumes that psychopaths
inherently engage in criminal behavior (this is not always the
case

criticisms of the PCL-R

numerous ways to harm others outside of work

betrayals in relationships, harmful gossip, workplace sabotage, economic
decisions that harm others)

the PCL-R contains what items so it is easy to conflate the two

criminal and antisocial behavior

which dimension exhibits these behavioral indicators: arrogance, physical cruelty to others, defiance of authority, excitement seeking. and associated traits: callous-unemotionality, egocentricity.

meanness

which dimension exhibits these behavioral indicators: low frustration tolerance, unreasonable risk taking, poor impulse control. and associated traits: hostility and anti-sociality

disinhibition/ externalizing proneness

which dimension exhibits these behavioral indicators: immune to stress, ability to remain calm, able to negotiate social interactions. and associated traits: self confidence, charisma

boldness. fearless dominance

no well established and supported treatment, nonrepsonsive to treatment or pretend to cooperate, bigger dose less likely to demonstrate violent behavior

treatment of psychopaths

what is not one of the characteristics of treatment for children with psychopathic features

children who receive larger doses tend are less likely to demonstrate violence behavior

Term used for psychiatric diagnoses that indicate individuals have problems in living

mental illnesses

official guidebook published by the apa used to define and diagnose specific mental disorders

offers an array of extensive descriptions and treatment recommendations

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

Mental disorder characterized by severe breakdowns in thought pattern, emotions, and perceptions.

schizophrenia

proportion of violent crime from schizophrenia is low, but…

violent crime that does occur is particularly violent and brutal

a disorder characterized by false beliefs, one or more false beliefs, crimes committed are non harmful, believing that someone is following them but they actually are not

delusional disorder

people are of intellectually and psychologically impaired that they would be present in court in their body but not their mind

not being able to understand the basic process of the court system

competency to stand at trial

distinct from competency to stand trial (responsibility is mental/intellectual state at time of alleged offense)

people may be completely coherent at time of crime, but not legal process and vice versa

criminal responsbilty