ww2

what is the treaty of versailles and what were the terms of the treaty?

signed on the 28th of june 1919 by the big 4 (uk, us, itlay, france).

forces Germany to take responsibility for starting ww1 - Germany had to pay 7 billion pounds in reparations/army was limited to 100,000 men; airforce and submarines were no longer allowed/conquered territory was given back to neighbouring countries.

what was the league of nations?

established in 1920 due to the treaty of versailles and was formed to maintain world peace and prevent future wars. - ultimately failed with ww2 in 1939.

what was the great depression and roaring twenties and how was it caused?

the roaring twenties was a time of prosperity, mass production of economic goods and greater independence for women during the 1920s due to the end of ww1, people spent large amounts of money due to the creation of credit, this further cause the great depression with the wall street crash of 1929 which caused a global economic crash and further mass unemployment, poverty, and loss of trust within the government.

causes of ww2

caused by the treaty of versailles forming after ww1 - the great depression and economic crash of the 1920s causing many people to become mad at the government - the rise of hitler telling people he will make germany great again

rise of the nazis (hitler and nazi germany)

the faciest nazi party group was formed during the 1920s - 1921 hitler was appointed chariman - the nazi ideology was built on the idea the ethnic germans are superior to all other races - hitler was imprissioned for 9 months after a political uprising failed in 1923 - in 1933 hitler was appointed chancellor of germany

what is antisemitism

prejudice, hatred or discrimination against jews (shown through hitler and the nazi party’s ideologies and the holocaust of ww2)

what is fascism?

a dictator run society where one person has complete control

what is eugenics?

the believe and practice of ‘improving’ genetic qualities by now allowing certain peoples to reproduce

what was hitlers vision?

hitler believed in a fully ethenic german race for germany, that “undesirables” such as jews, siniti and romani people (gypsys), polish and russian people, people with disabilities, jehovahs witnesses, homosexuals and communists were unworthy of life, this lead to the holocaust

what is communism?

political and economic system where properties, tools, factories are owned by the public or the community alone.

pearl harbour

december 17th 1941 - japan launched a surprise attack on pearl harbour (hawaii, usa) which held many of usas military supplies and base. this brought the us into the war.

fall of singapore

february 15th 1942 - singapore surrenders to japan as they conquer nearby territories - causing australia to allie with the us to fight against japan (with the fear that japan could invade them)

bombing of darwin

february 19th 1942 darwin was bombed by japan - australia kept it out of the news to keep people safe.

japanese attack on sydney harbour.

sydney harbour was infiltrated by japan ships on the 31st of may 1942 - sinking a ferrie and killing 20 people.

the battle of coral sea

between the 4th - 8th of may 1942 in the north eat coast of australia, japan vs australia and us fought the first air craft battle in the pacific (prevented japans invasion of port moresby and japan lost

the battle of milne bay

25th - 31st of august 1942 - japan aimed to conquer port moresby by kokoda ( with difficult terrain and hot and humid air) - japan was initially successful until downfall of rain.

what is the kokoda campaign (where, when, who, issues)

located in papua, connecting port moresby to the kokoda village. fought from july to november 1942 against japan and australia (allied with the maroubra force - a group of volunteers from the citizen military force and local papuan soldiers) the kokoda track had extreme terrain with mud/ freezing nights, humidity and heavy rain. tropical diseases like malaria took more lives then violence and fighting itself. the papuan people help the australian soldiers and were refers to as the fuzzy wuzzy angels for their help and big frizzy hair.

Australian relationships with the allies (and how they changed)

australia was allies with britain from the beginning, then became allies with America through shared fighting against japan.

the phoney war

a “fake” war between germany, britain and france between september 1939 and April 1940. fought mainly on sea and ended when germany attacked and defeated denmark and norway

the battle of france

fought from may 1940 to the 22nd of june 1940. germany invaded belgium, the netherlands, luxembourg and france through air and land tactics the british government evactuated the french and british troops from dunkirk in northern france and france. eventually surrendered to germany

the battle of britain

fought from july 1940 to may 1941. an air force battle between britain and germany before a combined land and sea battles. with resistance from the british, germany then bombed britain’s industrial cities and the british royal air force resisted attacks so germany moved to invading russia

the siege of tobruk

from june 1940 italy was now supporting germany in the war. the battle occurred between 1941 and june 1942, with germanys plans t conquer egypt from lybia but australian troops conquered parts of lybia making it hard for germany to get through. there was a 241 siege strategy of cutting off the rest off the world and supplies. initially germanys first land defeat, captured by general kommel/ nazi germany before finally being won back by the allies.

operation barbarossa

the largest military operation in history fought from June 1941 to February 1943. in 1939, Germany and the soviet union signed a pact not to attack each other, but Germany then broke their pact in the attack of the soviet union in 1941 as hitler wanted more living space for ethnic germans. Germany then won lots of battles and captured lots of territory and in November 1941 was about to capture Moscow but then winter came and germans were unprepared and struggled with the conditions . September 1942 was the battle of Stalingrad where there was a siege for 890 days and one of the bloodiest battles in history. Germany finally surrendered in February 1943.

australian on the home front - national security act

passed on 8th of september 1939 and were laws to respond to the treat of war; censorship and detentions. it also included air raids (blackouts=lights off at night and black out curtains) and reduced hotel and bar hours

rationing

may 1942 the rationing system was introduced including shortages of food and clothing due the the overseas war including butter, milk, eggs, tea, shoes, and clothing, books with coupons were also rationed. women/families with young children were given extra rations and newspapers ad magazines offered advice hoe to come with the rationing and people were urged to grow their own food.

censorship

strict censorship to maintain public morale and national security; all forms of media like newspapers and radio broadcasts were subjected to controls - limiting what they could report and mail and phone calls were monitored so no military info could get to the enemy

propaganda

used to encourage australians to support the war, enlist to fight, work in certain industries and support certain causes. they united australians against common enemy’s like germany and japan. they presented only one side of the argument and were used to increase enlistment numbers or encourage people to join specific causes

internment

means to keep people in prison/detention camps without a trail in war. the internment of germans, italians, and japanese (living in australia) who were believed to to be pro nazi of pro fascist. approx 7000 ‘enemy aliens’ who had lived peacefully in australia were then interned

conscription

introduced in october 1939 only for unmarried men over 21 to report or 3 months in militia training and service in CMF (citizen military forces). 1942 all men 18-35 and single men 35-45 were eligible for conscription into CMF.

men on the homefront

750,000 australians, mostly men where enlisted during the second AIF during ww2, men who worked as farmers or manufacturers were not allowed to enlist and they were needed st home to construct waretime infrastructure and military buildings. by 1943 more than 50,000 men served in the corps. and men who where unable to enlist due to age, health, or professions joinery they volunteer defence forces and they were trained to protect the australian home front against enemy attack.

womens role in the war

before the war women were not permitted to serve in the military and most working women were employed in factories, shops, or family businesses and were expected to resign after they had children. between 1939-1945 there was only a 5% increase in women in the workforce but they jobs they were able to do increased dramatically. at the beggining of ww2 women were expected to still do the roles that they had in ww1 to maintain the home and raise money but in late 1940s, women were encouraged to join services. around 35000 women served in the army - 5% of the entire force. in october 1940 the women’s auxiliary australian air force (WAAAF) - by the en of the war the WAAAF was made up of 18,500 women. and was then followed by the women’s army and navy forces. women weren’t sent overseas to fight but were trained on the homevront

the atomic bomb.

on august 6th 1945, an atomic bomb named ‘little boy’ was dropped on hiroshima japan, hiroshima was picked due to it being a large industrial, urban city and a key military storage area and assembly point for japanese troops. 80,000 people died, 70,000 injured and 69% of buildings were distroyed. long term effects such as burns with caused infections, radiation and cancer which took further lived post bombing

the holocaust

the systematic, state sponsored murder of 6 million european jews by nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945. romani, homosexuals, Jehovah’s witnesses, and disabled individuals were amongst millions killed.

the end of the war in europe

germany fails to invade the soviet union, the soviet union then occupied many of eastern europe before reaching germanys capital of berlin in 1945. on october 13th 1943 the italian government declared war on germany joining the allied forces. the soviet union seized berlin after a week of fighting in the streets, hitler then commits suicide of april 30th 1945, 7 days later on the 7th of may 1945 the war in europe officially concludes

end of the war in the pacific

after the atomic bombing of hiroshima and nagasaki, the soviet unions declaration of the war and invation of manchuria and emperor hirohito anouncement of surrender on august 15th, bringing the pacific war to the end on september 2nd 1945.