General Pathology- Sample MCQs

Is it true that: Disease is a significant disturbance of the homeostasis due to changes in the environment or disturbance in the rebound response of the individual.

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that: Health is a state of imbalance of the organism with the external environment which doesn't allow it to realize its biological potential.

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it correct that etiology studies the causes of the diseases?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it correct that pathogenesis studies the mechanisms of healing from a disease?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that morphogenesis studies the consequences of structural changes in the course of a disease?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that sanogenesis studies the mechanisms of development of a disease?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that tanatogenesis studies the changes which occur in the process of death?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that pathomorphosis studies the microscopic and gross changes in the course of a disease?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that cytology is a slow and very informative method?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that biopsy is a slower method but gives maximum information and allows more tests to be done like genetics?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that Van Gieson stain proves collagen fibres that stain in red.

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that PAS reaction is used to prove glycogen which stains in yellow?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that Sudan III is used to prove lipids and they stain in orange?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that Sudan IV is used to prove lipids and they stain in red?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that Perls reaction is used to prove hemosiderin which stains in (Prussian) blue?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that Toluidine Bleu stain used to prove glucosaminoglycans and the tissue demonstrates metachromasia in pink-violet color?

a) yes

b) no

yes

1. Is it true that Congo red is used to prove hyaline which stains in "brick red" and shines like "a green apple" on a polarized light?

a) yes

b) no

no

Do intracellular accumulations depend on the type and intensity of the injurious stimuli?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it possible that a tattoo can lead to enlargement and inflammation of the local lymph nodes?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Exogenous pigments are divided into organic and nonorganic.

a) yes

b) no

yes

Endogenous pigments are divided into hemoglobinogenous and non-hemoglobinogenous.

a) yes

b) no

yes

Hemoglobinogenous pigments are divided into iron-containing and non-iron containing.

a) yes

b) no

yes

Bilirubin is iron-containing pigment.

a) yes

b) no

no

Hemosiderin is non-iron-containing pigment.

a) yes

b) no

no

Melanin, lipofuscin and adrenochromes are endogenous hemoglobinogenous pigments.

a) yes

no

no

Hepatocellular jaundice can be seen in malaria and some types of anemia.

a) yes

b) no

no

Obstructive jaundice can be seen in cancer of the head of pancreas and in choledocholithiasis.

a) yes

b) no

yes

Haemolyc jaundice is seen in acute hepatitis and in mushroom poisoning.

a) yes

b) no

no

Is sclerosis the end stage of fibrosis?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that cirrhosis doesn't cause deformation of the affected organ?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that fibrinoid necrosis damages the fibrillary structures of the extracellular matrix but also the cells in the focus?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that fibrosis is only a physiological process and cannot lead to organ deformation and dysfunction?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that grossly, uric acid crystals are white painful nodules on the skin, usually on the extensor surfaces on the extremities.

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that the capacity of cell proliferation is the most important factor for the development of hypertrophy or hyperplasia?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that dysplasia means that cancer has already developed?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that dysplasia can be found together with cancer?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Can hydropic degeneration lead to necrosis of the cells?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Does PAS- reaction identifies glycogen in the cells?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is hypoxia an important factor for the development of fatty degeneration?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Can gall bladder contain uric acid crystals?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is uric acid infarction related to a circulatory disorder?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is a deposition of the glycogen in the epithelium of the renal tubules a feature of diabetes?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Does plasma leakage play an important role in the development of hyalinosis?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is formalin a suitable fixative for demonstration of neutral lipids?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Perls' reaction is used for demonstrating hemosiderin:

a) yes

b) no

yes

Could hemolytic jaundice be seen in the newborn?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is the development of amyloidosis possible in systemic diseases of the connective tissue?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is coagulative necrosis seen in cerebral/brain infarction?

a) yes

b) no

no

Does apoptosis affect a large group of cells?

a) yes

b) no

no

Does necrosis affect the cells and extracellular matrix?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is hemosiderin an iron-containing pigment?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is there a serous inflammation in the myocardium?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Can benign tumors lack capsule:

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is metachromasia characteristic for the mucoid degeneration?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is it true that gross changes of the organs are important for the diagnosis?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Is brown induration of lungs a reversible change if the mitral stenosis, which cause it, is corrected by a mitral valve prosthesis?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is it true that amyloid is an abnormal protein that accumulates in the extracellular space and lead to hypertrophy of the parenchymal cells and increased function of the organ?

a) yes

b) no

no

Is there a characteristic macroscopic appearance in organs with hyaline degeneration?

a) yes

b) no

yes

Specify the characteristic localization of intracellular hyaline degeneration:

a) liver cells

b) vascular endothelium

liver cells

When is death possibly reversible?

a) clinical features of death

b) biological death

clinical features of death

Hyaline degeneration could be seen:

a) in liver cells

b) in endothelial cells

in liver cells

Where do we see fibrinoid necrosis:

a) base of a stomach ulcer

b) myocardial infarction

base of a stomach ulcer

What is pathology?

a) the science that studies the changes at cellular, tissue and organ level caused by diseases

b) the science that studies the body structure and morphology

c) medical discipline which aims to find the cause of death when a crime is suspected

d) medical discipline which provides the morphological diagnosis for the clinical practice.

- the science that studies the changes at cellular, tissue and organ level caused by diseases

- medical discipline which provides the morphological diagnosis for the clinical practice.

Define the main branches of pathology

a) general pathology

b) clinical pathology

c) systemic pathology

d) experimental pathology

- general pathology

- clinical pathology

- experimental pathology

Mark the correct statements.

a) "clinical pathology" builds up a theoretical idea of the pathological process

b) "general pathology" studies the specific morphological changes in organs and systems caused by a particular disease.

c) "experimental pathology" researches the diseases using experimental animals and follows up the morphological changes caused by their treatment.

d) a and b statements are correct in reverse manner

- "experimental pathology" researches the diseases using experimental animals and follows up the morphological changes caused by their treatment.

- a and b statements are correct in reverse manner

What are the possible outcomes of a disease.

a) recovery

b) to become chronic

c) death

d) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following isn't a sign of death?

a) livores

b) rigor mortis

c) decay

d) calor

calor

Mark the correct statement(s).

a) Algor mortis is stiffness of muscles after death

b) Rigor mortis is drying of the body after death

c) Livores are a violet-colored skin areas which develop after death

d) Decay is an early sign of death

Livores are a violet-colored skin areas which develop after death

Which are the specific methods of pathology?

a) autopsy

b) biopsy

c) clinical examination

d) clinical laboratory tests

- autopsy

- biopsy

Which of the followings are methods for taking biopsy?

a) excision

b) incision

c) surgical

d) all of the listed

all of the listed

Which are the purposes of pathological autopsy?

a) to accuse the clinicians of medical malpractice

b) to establish the cause of death and the definitive diagnosis

c) to help and educate clinicians and to improve their work

d) to help the relatives of the deceased to convict the doctors

- to establish the cause of death and the definitive diagnosis

- to help and educate clinicians and to improve their work

Which are the conditions for an autopsy to be done?

a) death occurred in a hospital due to a disease

b) available medical history of the patient

c) presence of the treating doctor- attending physician

d) all of the listed above

all of the listed above

What are the characteristics of a frozen section?

a) urgent diagnosis given during an operation

b) the preparation of the tissue samples is done by a paraffin method

c) the preparation of the tissue samples is done on a freezing microtome

d) sometimes the diagnosis is not exactly clear because of the preparation method but information like "malignant tumor", "benign tumor" or "inflammation" is given to the surgeons to know how to proceed with the operation.

- urgent diagnosis given during an operation

- the preparation of the tissue samples is done on a freezing microtome

- sometimes the diagnosis is not exactly clear because of the preparation method but information like "malignant tumor", "benign tumor" or "inflammation" is given to the surgeons to know how to proceed with the operation.

Which fixative is most commonly used?

a) Bouin solution

b) absolute alcohol

c) formalin 10%

d) salts of heavy metals

formalin 10%

What is the role of immunohistochemical stains?

a) to give urgent answers about the diagnosis or at least orientation about the pathological process during surgery

b) to determine the histogenesis of the tumor especially in highly undifferentiated malignant tumors

c) to determine the proliferative activity and the hormonal receptors of the tumor that is highly important for the treatment

d) to help determine the cause of death

- to determine the histogenesis of the tumor especially in highly undifferentiated malignant tumors

- to determine the proliferative activity and the hormonal receptors of the tumor that is highly important for the treatment

Cytokeratin, S-100 protein, Vimentin, Desmin, CD-20 are examples of:

a) special stains to prove different substances

b) immunohistochemical markers

immunohistochemical markers

In which cases a pathological autopsy is performed?

a) when there is suspicion for diagnostic or therapeutic malpractice

b) death of a person outside the hospital

c) when there is suspicion of violent death

d) death of a patient in the hospital and when the relatives don't ask the principal to cancel the autopsy.

- when there is suspicion for diagnostic or therapeutic malpractice

- death of a patient in the hospital and when the relatives don't ask the principal to cancel the autopsy.

Which of the followings is not a part of performing an autopsy?

a) dissection of organs

b) opening the body

c) taking biopsy from organ changes

d) extraction of abdominal and thoracic organs

taking biopsy from organ changes

Size, shape, elasticity, consistency, color and cut surface are characteristics of:

a) microscopic examination of organs

b) gross examination of organs

c) ultramicroscopic examination of organs

none of the listed

gross examination of organs

Indicate correctly the name of the described test.

The pericardial sac is cut in Y-like section and filled with water, after that, in the presence of a witness, the right ventricle is punctured with a knife.

a) test for thromboembolism

b) test for pneumothorax

c) test for air and gas embolism

d) test for fat embolism

test for air and gas embolism

Indicate correctly the name of the described test.

The pulmonary artery is cut at the place of truncus pulmonalis. Tweezers are inserted and the content of the artery is taken out for examinationion.

a) test for pneumothorax

b) test for air and gas embolism

c) test for thromboembolism

d) test for fat embolism

test for thromboembolism

Indicate correctly the name of the described test.

A pocket between the skin and the ribs is formed and is filled with water. In the presence of a witness, the thorax is punctured with a thin knife in an intercostal space.

a) test for air and gas embolism

b) test for fat embolism

c) test for thromboembolism

d) test for pneumothorax

test for pneumothorax

Where is the main accumulation of glycogen in patients with diabetes?

a) in epithelial cells of convoluted tubules and Henle's loop

b) in epithelial cells of gastrointestinal mucosa

c) in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

d) endothelial cells of the vessels

- in epithelial cells of convoluted tubules and Henle's loop

- in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

Mark the correct statement(s) for Mallory bodies?

a) they are accumulations of glycogen in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

b) they are hyaline inclusions in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

c) they are caused by consumption of toxic mushrooms

d) they are seen in Wilson's disease, liver cancer, primary biliary cirrhosis but mainly in alcoholic disease

- they are hyaline inclusions in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes

- they are seen in Wilson's disease, liver cancer, primary biliary cirrhosis but mainly in alcoholic disease

Mark the correct statement(s) for Von Gierke's disease?

a) it is a genetic autosome-recessive disease

b) another name is glycogenosis type II

c) it affects mainly the heart leading to severe heart failure in infants

d) there is excessive storage of normal glycogen in the liver and kidneys

- it is a genetic autosome-recessive disease

- there is excessive storage of normal glycogen in the liver and kidneys

Mark the correct statement(s) for cellular edema

a) it is abnormal accumulation of water in the cytoplasm

b) it is reversible cellular injury

c) cells are small and shrunken

d) there are a few etiological factors that caused cellular edema

- it is abnormal accumulation of water in the cytoplasm

- it is reversible cellular injury

Abnormal intracellular accumulation of proteins can be seen in:

a) the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules in proteinuria

b) in the cardiomyocytes in heart infarction

c) in the plasma cells in chronic inflammatory diseases as Russel's bodies

d) in the cells of pancreatic islets in diabetes mellitus

- the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules in proteinuria

- in the plasma cells in chronic inflammatory diseases as Russel's bodies

The abnormal inclusions in the hepatocytes in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency are composed of:

a) glycogen

b) lipids

c) bile

d) proteins

proteins

"Hyaline droplets" in the epithelial cells of renal tubules is another name for:

a) glycogen inclusions

b) protein inclusions

c) vacuolar degeneration

d) lipid inclusions

protein inclusions

Vacuolar degeneration and hydropic degeneration are more severe stages of:

a) fatty degeneration

b) protein degeneration

c) cellular edema

d) glycogen accumulation

cellular edema

PAS reaction with PAS control is used to distinguish:

a) cholesterol from other lipids

b) glycogen from mucus

c) DNA from RNA

d) denaturated intracellular proteins from accumulated extracellular proteins

glycogen from mucus

PAS -control is done using:

a) sulfuric acid

b) hydrochloric acid

c) amylase

d) picric acid

amylase

What is fatty degeneration?

a) abnormal accumulation of lipids in prenchymal cells

b) abnormal accumulation of lipids in the specialized fatty cells

c) abnormal accumulation of lipids in the ECM of an organ

d) abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the large and medium-sized vessels

abnormal accumulation of lipids in prenchymal cells

What is lipomatosis?

a) abnormal accumulation of lipids in prenchymal cells

b) abnormal accumulation of lipids in the specialized fatty cells

c) abnormal accumulation of lipids in the cells of the interstitium of an organ

d) abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the large and medium-sized vessels

abnormal accumulation of lipids in the cells of the interstitium of an organ

What is obesity?

a) abnormal accumulation of lipids in prenchymal cells

b) abnormal accumulation of lipids in the specialized fatty cells

c) abnormal accumulation of lipids in the cells of the interstitium of an organ

d) abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the large and medium-sized vessels

abnormal accumulation of lipids in the specialized fatty cells

What is the relation between fatty degeneration of the liver and diabetes?

a) there is no relation between them

b) patients with diabetes have increased intake of lipids to provide more energy

c) the fatty liver in diabetes is caused by increased lipolysis and increased delivery of fatty acids in the liver

d) the fatty liver leads to diabetes mellitus

the fatty liver in diabetes is caused by increased lipolysis and increased delivery of fatty acids in the liver

What is android type of obesity?

a) also called "male"or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist

b) also called "female"or "pear"type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs

c) generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax

d) generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs

also called "male"or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist

What is gynoid type of obesity?

a) also called "male"or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist

b) also called "female"or "pear"type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs

c) generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax

d) generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs

also called "female"or "pear"type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs

What is upper type of obesity?

a) also called "male"or "apple" type, accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist

b) also called "female"or "pear"type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs

c) generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax

d) generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs

generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax

What is lower type of obesity?

a) also called "male"or "apple" type, it is the accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the shoulders, thorax and waist

b) also called "female"or "pear"type - accumulation of lipids in the fatty cells around the hips, tights and legs

c) generalized obesity predominantly on the face, shoulders and thorax

d) generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs

generalized obesity predominantly in the tights, hips and legs