S1.1 SL - The particulate nature of matter ✓

Solid to liquid

melting

Liquid to gas

vaporization

(boiling and evaporation are 2 examples of vaporization)

Solid to gas

sublimation

Gas to liquid

condensation

Liquid to solid

freezing

Gas to solid

deposition

Define 'temperature'

a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Thermal energy is ___________ to overcome intermolecular forces.

Absorbed

Thermal energy is ___________ when intermolecular forces are reformed.

Released

Absolute zero

0 kelvin

(At this temperature matter has no energy)

Define 'element'

- a pure substance that contains only one type of atom

- cannot be chemically broken down into simpler substances.

Define 'compound'

- contains atoms of different elements chemically bonded together.

- always bonded in a fixed ratio.

Describe the 'law of conservation of mass

The total mass of reactants will always equal the total mass of products in a chemical reaction.

What are the 4 state symbols?

solid (s), liquid (l), gas (g), or dissolved in water (aq)

Define 'mixture'

- Contain more than 1 element or compound that are not chemically bonded to each other.

- No fixed ratio of elements.

- The components can be separated by physical methods.

Define a 'homogeneous mixture'

A mixture with a uniform composition and properties.

Define a 'heterogeneous mixture'

A mixture with nonuniform composition and properties.

Define 'solvent'

the substance that dissolves the solute

Define 'solute'

Substance being dissolved in a solvent

Define 'solution'

the homogeneous mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent