Physiology Exam 2

Sympathetic Adrenergic Neurons

Usually pre-gang short, post-gang long

Efferent information is always…

Motor

Afferent information is always…

Sensory input

Atropine

Binds to M1 receptors. Could decrease urination and increase heart rate

Grey matter refers to

unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, ganglia, nuclei

Ependymal cells

Line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal

What cranial nerves control eyeball movement?

CN III, IV, and VI

What cranial nerves are only sensory?

CN I, II, and VIII

Which cranial nerves are truly mixed?

CN V, VII, and IX

Which cranial nerves are mostly motor?

CN X, XI, and XII

Alpha I receptors

stimulation cause vasoconstriction of systemic arteries and increase blood pressure

What is the visceral center of the brain?

Hypothalamus

What is the relay center of the brain?

Thalamus

Saltatory conduction

occurs by depolarizing and repolarizing the nodes of Ranvier

Hypertension can be treated by

Propanolol (Inderal)

A multipolar neuron

Can be a motor neuron. Can be an interneuron.

Which brain areas are involved in skeletal muscle coordination?

Cerebellum, basal nuclei, and red nucleus

Spinocerebellar tract

Carries proprioception

Anterior spinalthalamic tract

Carries touch and pressure

Lateral spinalthalamic tract

Carries temperature and pain

Fasiculi cuneatus and gracilis tracts

Carries fine touch and pressure and proprioception

Corticospinal (pyramidal)

Carries conscious motor commands

Tectospinal tract

Carries movement of eyes/head toward motion/sound

Rubrospinal tract

Carries muscle coordination

Vestibulospinal tract

Helps maintain balance

Reticulospinal tract

Muscle tone; sweat glands

The cranial nerves that only convey discrete, defined, sensory information are

CN I, II, and VIII

The midbrain is

the site of the tectum

The blood sinuses of the dura mater

are located in the cranium between the layers of the cranial dura mater

The limbic system are a collection of nuclei

thought to put emotional context in sensory information and span the thalamus and hypothalamus

A tract carrying a stimulus to your sweat glands would be

Reticulospinal

Which of the following are sympathetic nuclei?

Dorsal root nuclei

chain nuclei

terminal ganglia

basal ganglia

Chain nuclei

The ventral root

carries efferent neurons

Tracts are

the white matter of the CNS.

Nuclei are

gray matter of the CNS

The ventral horn of the spinal cord is involved in

Somatomotor information

Astrocytes are cells that

control the transport of substances into the CNS

Alpha 2 receptors

are found on the axonal terminals of sympathetic neurons

Which drug would be used to decrease NE levels at the neuroeffector synapse?

Serpasil or Methyl-dopa

The Broca’s Area

controls your speech patterns

NE is broken down by the action of

MAOs within the presynaptic terminal. COMTs in the synaptic cleft.

To facilitate urination, you would

contract the detrusor muscle (M3) and relax the sphincter muscle (M2)

Connecting the pons and cerebellum are the ____ tracts.

Transverse

A drug that causes somatic muscle spasms

Physostigmine

What is a Node of Ranvier?

A bare patch of axonal membrane between oligodendrocytes that allows the signal to skip and thus speeds transmission

The sympathetic nervous system

has N2 receptors located on the cell bodies of the post-ganglionic neuron

The cerebellum

Receives proprioception input, gets copies of voluntary motor commands descending via the corticospinal tract, and can affect muscle coordination by modulating output from the red nucleus

Sensory receptor potentials

Are graded phenomena and cause an increase in action potential frequency

Parasympathetic innervation

Causes stimulation of erectile tissue and enhances intestinal motility