EARTH SCIENCE A - ALL NW

Power plant

Strip mine

Drilling and blasting

Mountaintop removal

Open pit mining

Oil rig

Drilling and blasting (mining)

Crushing

Grinding

Iron separation

Taconite/pellet formation

Steel mill

Galena

Hematite

Magnetite

Malachite

Chalcopyrite

Spalerite

spodumene

Bornite

Cinnabar

Willemite

why each mineral has its own definite crystalline pattern

They grow in different settings, so they have different patterns and shapes that they grow into.

 list each of the 5 criteria for a substance to qualify as a mineral

Naturally occurring, Solid substance, definite chemical composition, orderly crystalline structure, and inorganic

difference between rock that forms from a hydrothermal environment and rock that forms in a sedimentary environment

One that forms in a hydrothermal environment form from superheated water, and dissolves ions. As the ions reach the surface they cool and form minerals. In a sedimentary environment, water evaporates and ions fall out of solution with the water to form minerals

If a mineral forms in an igneous environment, what does this mean

It means they are molten rock, made from magma

What is the only ore mineral in this set 2 that shows a reddish streak

hematite

Malachite and chalcopyrite are each copper ores.  Explain what this means

They have copper in them

Two minerals with a tendency to peel into thin sheets

Biotite and Muscovite

Two most common minerals in earths crust

Quartz and Feldspar

Without taste, how can you tell the difference between calcite and halite?

Calicite changes color under UV light, reacts with acid, and has double refraction while Halite has none of those things.

Knowing how gypsum forms, how does having gypsum mines in Michigan tell us about the past?

It forms from the evaporation of seawater, so it tells us that Michigan was once underwater.

Quartz

Ollivine

Biotite

Hornblend

Muscovite

Almendine

Feldspar

Gypsum

Calcite

Halite

Flourite

Pyrite

What is the difference in appearance between an extrusive igneous rock and an intrusive igneous rock?

Extrusive is made from lava and intrusive is made from magma.

What is the biggest factor that controls whether a rock is coarse or fine-grained?

The speed of cooling

Describe how felsic igneous rocks differ in appearance from mafic igneous rocks.

Felsic-Light colored and rich in quartz and feldspar.

Mafic-Dark colored and rich in magnesium and iron.

What is the difference between magma and lava?

Magma is under the surface, lava is on the surface

How could you determine if a rock formed from magma or from lava? Be specific.

Magma-Formed inside the earth, takes longer to cool—>larger crystals

Lava-Formed on the surface, shorter cooling time—>smaller crystals/no crystals in some cases

How are granite and rhyolite similar? How are they different?

Granite and Rhyolite are Felsic rocks, but Rhyolite is coarse-grained intrusive, and granite is fine-grained extrusive.

How are basalt and gabbro similar? How are they different?

They are both Mafic rocks, but Basalt is Fine-grained extrusive, and Gabbro is Coarse-grained intrusive.

How are diorite and andesite similar? How are they different?

They are Intermediate rocks, but Diorite is Intrusive Coarse-grained and Andesite is Extrusive Fine-Grained.

Coarse grained, Intrusive, Felsic

Granite

Fine grained, Extrusive, Felsic

Rhyolite

Coarse grained, Intrusive, Intermediate

Diorite

Fine grained, Extrusive, Intermediate

Andesite

Coarse grained, Intrusive, Mafic

Gabbro

Fine grained, Extrusive, Mafic

Basalt

Glassy, Extrusive,

Obsidian

Glassy/Vesicular, Extrusive

Pumice

Conglomerate

Breccia

Sandstone

Shale

Limestone

Dolostone

Organic Limestone

Fossiliferous limestone

Organic or Fossiliferous Limestone

Organic

Limestone and Dolostone

Chemical

Conglomerate, Breccia, Sandstone, Shale

Clastic

Three kinds of sedimentary rocks

Clastic, Chemical, Organic

Define clastic

most common, made from pieces of other rocks.

Define Chemical

Formed by evaporation, Derived by chemicals naturally precipitated from the water.

Define Organic

Made from remains of marine animals that died, settled to the bottom of the ocean, and were buried and cemented together.

Order of clastic rocks based off highest eergy environment to lowest.

Conglomerate, Breccia, Sandstone, Shale

Round sediment, very fast moving waters

Conglomerate

Angular clasts, fast moving water

Breccia

Visible layering, Calmest water

Shale

Shale

gneiss

coarse grained, light dark banding foliation

high grade reigonal metamorphism

granite or shale

schist

med-coarse grained

med grade reigonal metamorpism

shale or phyllite

phyllite

med to fine grained, glossy, wavy foliation

intermed reigonal meramorphism through schist and slate

shale

slate

fine grained, often blue-gray, rock cleaves on flat surfaces

low grade reigonal metamorphism

shale

quartzite

coarse grained, no foliation, has chipping

med to high grade reigonal metamorphism

sandstone

marble

coarse grained

reigonal or contact metamorphism

limestone or dolostone

granite vs metamorphic gneiss

granite can be the parent of gneiss when granite undergoes heat and pressure it results in gneiss.

gneiss

schist

phyllite

slate

quartzite

marble

Lava eruption

the braded rope one

Pahoehoe

the chunky looking one

Aa

the ones that look like ppl

igneos fossils

the one with the water

pillow basalt

biggest eruptions, most common

composite volcano

the ones wth the perfect circle top

cinder cones