World Geography Unit 2

who was the spanish dictator who severely persecuted the basques in the mid 20th century

Francisco Franco

what was the basque response to this persecution

They responded through cultural resistance, political protests, and striving for more independence and representation

who was francisco franco

a ruthless military dictator of Spain

what are the two factors that contribute to an areas hydroelectric potiential

water availability(size and flow)
Elevation change, gravity and river movement affects power generated

what are three advantages of hydroelectricity

Renewable
Low pollution
low cost

what is a moment magnitude scale

earthquake scale
replaced the Richter scale

why shouldn’t the apennines be considered a true extension of the alps

different geological structure and tectonic history

what do we mean when we say the moment magnitude scale is a logarithmic scale

each whole number in magnitude REALLY MEANS 32 times more energy released

where is the area known as transylvania located in relation to the carpathians and transylvanian alps

north of the Transylvanian Alps, south and west of the main Carpathian range

why does it make sense that bram stoker used Vlad III as the inspiration for his character Dracula

the whole impaling thing

what is a vik

Scandinavian bay or inlet(the land part)

what is a fjord

huge deep inlets of the sea once created by gouging glaciers

Scandes (Kjølen Mountains) what name of these mountains is used more in norway and what name is used more in sweden

Norway calls them Kjolen mountains
Sweden calls them the Scandes

even though the Scandes Mountains were formed more than 400 million years ago, why do these mountains look younger?

uplift and lots of glacier erosion make them look much younger

How are fjords formed

glacier move then melt

what compressed the north european plain, causing it to be so flat

Massive continental glaciers during the ice ages

what two grain crops are believed to be the only two domesticated in Europe

oats and rye

whay did the useof barley for brewing beer become popular in the north european plain instead of just making wine like the southern europeans had

because they didn’t have the right climate to grow the grapes for quality wine making

what is a massif

a large, solid mass of mountains or highland terrain, often separated from other mountain ranges.

what is a lacaune sheep anhd why is it important

its milk is used to produce Roquefort cheese, one of France’s most famous blue cheeses

what geomorphic process was mainly responsible for forming the massif central?

Massif central was formed through tectonic uplift and crashing of tectonic plates together

where specifically are the lacaune sheep raisedin the massif central

Causses, especially the Larzac Plateau, in the southern Massif Central of France

what is the highland line in regard to the scottish highlands

The highland boundary fault, separating the scottish highlands and lowlands

what body of water is associated with the highland line

loch lomond

approximately what percentage of London’s drinking water comes from the river Thames?

70%

what are the two islands in the Seine river upon which Paris was founded

Île de la Cité and Île Saint-Louis

What is being blamed for the most frequent flooding occuring in the Seine

climate change

what does being a spring-fed river mean for the discharge rate of the Po river

means it receives water from underground springs, meaning a more consistent discharge rate throughout the year

what is necessary in order to grow the rice that is cultivated along the Po river

lots of rainfall

The Rhine river holds what distinction among the worlds rivers in terms of traffic?

it’s the busiest and most heavily trafficked

what three characteristics do we associate with goods for which water transportation is ideal

heavy
stuff that won’t go bad

not time sensitive

why does the Europoort facility in rotterdam rank among the world’s busiest ports

It’s the mouth of the river that goes through several countries’ industrialized areas

it’s among the busiest

what allows the Danube river to help ultimately connect the North sea and the black sea?

Rhine–Main–Danube Canal

where does the Danube river rank in terms of river length among the region of Europes’s rivers?

it’s the longest

the Danube river is the dividing line between two formerly separate cities in which European capital

Budapest Hungary

At its peak, what percentage of the world was part of the British empire?
Where does the British empire rank among every empire in history

24%

Why does the prime meridian run through Greenwich UK?

britain’s historical dominance in global navigation, and most maps were already created based on Greenwich

What UK city is considered to be the birthplace of the industrial revolution?

Manchester

What does partition mean

division of a country into two or more parts often for political, ethnic, or religious reasons

why was ireland partitioned in 1922 into the Irish free state and UK controlled Northern Ireland

Southern Ireland was mostly Catholic, while Northern Ireland was mostly protestant, people in Northern Ireland wanted to stay with Britain

What were “the troubles” in Ireland

a violent period in Ireland where Irish Nationalists fought British loyalists

Is “the troubles” conflict between the Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland truly a religious conflict?

no it was political and nationalist identity

What are the two main(interconnected) reasons why Ireland has a smaller population today than it had 180 years ago

The potato famine killed people and got people to emigrate away

What was the iberian Union

a period where Spain and Portugal were ruled under the same Monarch, under the Spanish Habsburg dynasty

Which portuguese explorer is given credit for initializing the European Age of Discovery and Exploration

Prince Henry the Navigator

Vasco da gama was the first portuguese explorer to reach which asian destination by sea?

Calicut India

After the Iberian Union was formed in 1580, why did the portuguese empire begin to decline

Portugal, who was weaker than Spain, inherited Spains enemies, particularly England and the Netherlands, and those countries took over much of Portugals overseas stuff

What was the reconquista

the centuries long process in which Christian kingdoms(mostly spain and portugal) took over areas ruled by Muslims(moors)

The Moors came from what area of the world to conquer the Iberian Peninsula starting in the 700s

North Africa

What two kingdoms were unified during the Reconquists to form modern Spain upon the defeat of the Moors at the Battle of Granada in 1492

Castile and Aragon

The Moorish-influenced Spanish architecture on Texas State’s campus is an example of what geographic phenonomenon?

cultural diffusion

What is unique about the Mediterranean Climate in terms of its seasonal precipitation variations

hot, dry summers, and mild, wet winters

What are olives primarily used to make in Mediterranean countries? Is France as big a producer of olives as Spain or Italy?

olive oil, spain and italy make more olive oil than France

What is a primate city? How did Emperor Napolean III strengthen Paris’s status as the primate city of France in the mid 1800s?

Biggest and most influential city in an area, Napolean modernized and industrialized Paris

What northern Italian city is the economic leader of the country, as well as one of the world’s leading centers for the fashion industry

Milan(Milano)

How did Italy’s (relatively late) unification lead to a potential issue with the state of Italy and the Roman Catholic Church?

The pope used to rule the papal states, and lost a lot of power when Italy got a central government

Where does Vatican City rank among the world’s countries in terms of land area?

it’s the smallest country in the world

What did Switzerland do to prevent its multicultural makeup, particularly in terms of language, from being a centrifugal force?

Switzerland adopted a system of federalism, giving lots of power to its states to govern themselves

How many languages are official in Switzerland today? Which languages are those?

four national languages, German, French, Italian, and Romanish

What event saw the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after its conclusion?

World War 1

Which composer wrote the Blue Danube Waltz, inspired by the Danube River flowing through Austria?

Johann Strauss II

How was the design of the Volkswagen Beetle influenced by Germany’s geography, particularly its resource base

Germany has limited oil, and thus needed cars that were fuel-efficient

Why has Germany been (and continues to be) the leading member of the European Union?

It has the biggest economy(4.6Trillion)

Largest population
Central geographic location

What is the difference between a State, nation, and nation-state?

• State = A political territory with a sovereign government.

• Nation = A group of people sharing a common identity.

• Nation-state = A country where one nation largely corresponds to one sovereign state

In what part of Belgium are the Flemish people concentrated? In what part are the Walloons concentrated?

the Flemish are concentrated in northern Belgium
The Walloons are concentrated in southern Belgium

How are the Flemish and Walloon considered separate nations

because they are distinctly different peoples with different cultures

Has Belgium’s status as a multinational State threatened its continued unity?

yes due to disagreements between its Flemish and Walloonish citizens

What three countries are considered the Low Countries?

Luxembourg
Belgium
the Netherlands

What technology was used for several centuries, starting in the 1400s, to drain lands?

windmills used for pumping water out

Why did the Netherlands ultimately decide not to reclaim the entire Zuider Zee?

They kept some of it to become a freshwater lake

What is a dike(geography)

wall to prevent flooding

What is a polder

lowland area that was reclaimed from water by drainage

what is a fragmented state

a country that has territory separated by water or another country

What two cultural qualities are generally used to define Scandinavia?

viking ancestry

similar language formats

Which of the Scandinavian languages is least similar to the other three?

Finnish is weird

What are some of the disadvantages of the fragmented state shape?

transportation difficulties
communication
political disunity
defense difficulties
governing and providing public services

What does LEGO mean in Danish (it is technically an abbreviation, even though the pronunciation is the same)?

play well

What volcano’s eruption in 2010 disrupted flights across northern Europe for several days?

Eyjafjallajökull

what is the Norway sovereign wealth fund?

Norway invests oil and natural gas profits in government owned accounts to preserve national wealth, support its economy, and benefit future generations

Where is most of Norway’s oil and natural gas found?

offshore beneath the north sea

How does Norway rank as one of the world’s leading oil exporters without necessarily being one of the world’s leading oil producers?

Norway has a small population and low oil usage per person

Why doesn’t Norway need the oil or natural gas to generate most of its electricity?

Most of Norways power comes from hydroelectricity(90%)

Where does the Government Pension Fund of Norway rank among the world’s sovereign wealth funds in terms of size?

#1

Why has Sweden long been the most industrialized of the Scandinavian countries? What city is associated with the largest underground iron ore mine in the world?

Sweden has abundant natural resources, especially iron(largest iron mine is in Kiruna) Sweden used these resources to industrialize

What sort of services are provided by the cradle-to-grave social welfare systems in countries like Sweden?

healthcare, education, childcare, unemployment benefits, pensions, and elderly care

How are cradle-to-grave social welfare systems paid for in countries like Sweden?

income taxes, value added taxes(consumer stuff tax), and Employer payroll taxes

what is glacial derangement of drainage

Glacial movement carves out new lakes, river paths

Why is Finland NOT a Scandinavian country? What term groups the Scandinavian countries with Finland?

way different language, and different cultural origins(not vikings)

Thousands of what type of geographic feature are found across Finland? What created most of these?

lakes, caused by glacial erosion

What Finnish company was once the world’s leading cell phone manufacturer?

Nokia

What Finn was responsible for developing the open-source operating system for computers known as Linux?

Linus Torvalds

what is an exclave

a portion of a country that is separate from the mainland by another country(alaska)

Why are Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania called the “Baltic Republics”?

they are three independent republics living along the Baltic sea

How did the baltic republics become Republics of the Soviet Union?

Russia forcibly occupied and annexxed them during WW2

What Russian territory became an exclave after the breakup of the Soviet Union and independence of the Baltic Republics in 1991?

Kaliningrad Oblast

What has been one of the major issues between the Baltic Republics and Russia over the past few decades?

the baltic republics havent been treating their russian citizens very well, giving them fewer political rights
Also Russia wants them back

what was Operation Barbarossa

Nazi’s invasion of Russia

what was the Warsaw pact

military alliance between the soviet union and several communist countries of eastern europe during the cold war

Why did the Soviet Union insist upon communist governments in Eastern European countries like Poland after World War II?

To create a buffer zone between itself(russia) and the rest of Europe

Why were countries like Poland referred to as “Soviet satellites” during the Cold War?

though they were independent, like Poland, their government was still heavily controlled by the Soviet Union