Music

cross rhythm

playing triplets and normal notes at the same time (builds texture)

anacrusis

an upbeat to a section of music

dominant

perfect fifth of a note, or chord triad starting on the perfect fifth

pedal note

sustained or repeated bass line over which the chord normally changes

contrary motion

playing a scale/idea up and down at the same time, homophonic

homophonic

two ideas are played with the same tonic note (first note of scale)

quartal harmony

harmony made up of perfect forth intervals

ostinato

short phrase that is repeated throughout a piece

homorhythm

same rhythm

cadence

chord progression, musical junction

perfect cadence

chord progression from dominant to the tonic.

chord 5 to chord 1

sounds lie a strong finished

imperfect cadence

chord progression landing on chord 5

sounds unfinished

plagel cadence

chord progression from subdominant to tonic.

chord 4 to chord 1, Amen cadence

sounds finished but softly

interrupted cadence

chord 5 to any unexpected chord usually chord 6.

sounds weird

syncopation

a mix of notes which are on and off beat

tonality

what the piece feels like,

strong happy -> major

sad -> minor

word painting

words which describe the music at the moment

harmony

chords of the piece

suspended chord

in a chord triad the 3rd would be raised to a 4th to conflict with the 5th

sequence

a musical idea repeated but at a different pitch generates excitement satisfying for brain,

can also be used to modulate

unprepared modulation

change of key without any transition notes

unision

playing the same notes

harmonising

instruments playing together to make a harmony

open chord

missing out the middle (3rd) of the chord to take away its major or minor Ness : creates anticipation and suspense

contrapuntal (polyphonic)

everyone does their own independent ideas in the same time

poly tonal

reserved for very rare events: 2 chords at once : creates dissonance and sense of unease

movement

section of a piece

piano concerto

whole orchestra but piano has main part

concerto grosso

concerto but with 2 soloists

concerto

orchestra accompanies soloist

Fugal texture

like sequence but across different instruments: melody repeated by a different instrument at different pitch (starting on different note)

fugue

rule

jig

2/4 dance with triplets

dialogue

call and response between instruments

bass continuo

harpsichord and cello (rhythm section of baroch)

contra bass

double bass

virtuoso/virtuosic

harder part

stretto

overlapping melody

ripieno

accompanying instruments

Imitation

instruments playing same tune but taking turns

Antiphonal

call and response dialogue like. Creates space

Augmentation

increasing the value(length) of the notes

Rubato

stretch and compress notes to add expression

sonata form

3 sections

intro

1: main tunes exposed

2: development(modulating ,changing, adding)

3: recapitulation (revisit exposition, not copy and paint of it e,g different key)

coda to finish off

Slash chord

chord triad with the note after the slash being the bass note e .g Gm/D g minor triad with a d as the bass note

Extended chord

chord with notes that go beyond the octave

Diminished 7th chord (Caiden chord)

unusual sound, chord out of all minor thirds

notation C*, (creates suspense and feel of danger, lady tied to railway movie)

Hocketting

splitting tune over multiple parts

Pre chorus

bit before chorus, usually different chords to previously seen

Syllabic

each syllable lasts for a note

Melismatic

each syllable has multiple notes

Melismatic

each syllable lasts for multiple notes

Ground bass

repeating bass line, often used in baroque music

Effect: not far from home key, persistent mood

Tierce de Picardie

last bar of a piece goes into major after being minor for the rest of the piece common in baroque music

Through-composed

structure of a piece doesn't have much reptation

Fusion

A combination of 2 different styles