Fripty Free SLP Set 4 - Student Developed - Fripty Approved

Why does cerebral palsy occur?

How is it manifested?

How do professionals categorize it?

It can occur:

-parentally by rubella, mumps, etc.

-perinatally by a difficult birth.

-postnatally by anoxia, accidents or diseases

It's manifested as hemiplegia, paraplegia (legs, lower trunk), monoplegia, diplegia and quadriplegia

It is categorized as:

ataxic CP: disturbed balance and uncoordinated

athetoid CP: slow and involuntary

spastic CP: spasticity and stiff (most common)

What language disorders are associated with CP?

Depends on what they have:

Could be hearing loss or ID.

Some children have typical language.

Dysarthria is common

What are some language deficits associated with ASD?

Lack of response to speech

Slower acquisition

Echolalia

Perseveration

Faster learning of concrete words

Deficits in comprehension and figurative language

Lack of generalization

Pronoun reversal

Omission of grammatical features

Difficulty with joint attention

Social communication problems

What are some language deficits seen in children with TBI?

Comprehension

Word retrieval

Syntactic problems

Poor academic problems (reading)

Turn taking and topic maintenance

Difficulty with attention/focus

Memory problems

Lack of self awareness

Reduced processing speech

Reasoning

Discuss late talkers

Significant expressive language delay seen around 24-30 months

They are less vocal, have smaller consonant/vowel inventories, delays in morphosyntactic development, smaller vocabulary

They should receive monitoring

What are fetal alcohol effects and what are some associated language deficits?

fetal alcohol effects occurs when there is drinking during pregnancy but not enough to be FASD.

May be problems in motor, neurological, behavioral, affective, social attachment, cognitive skills and language learning

What are some language disorders associated with ADHD?

Difficulty with social interaction skills, like expressive language, not following instructions, turn taking and interrupting and story telling.

What do you look for in an infant/toddler assessment?

Need to assess language comprehension and production (assess their attentional and physiological state.

use language milestones), hearing, infant readiness for communication (baby showing reciprocal interaction), infant-caregiver interaction (there are materials to use.

Look at infants mood and responsiveness.

How the caregiver modifies when the infant gives negative cues.

How to caregiver handles and stimulates baby) and play activities (aggressive or uncooperative, refusal to share, talks during play, engages in different types of play).

These are achieved through parent questionnaires and observations.

What do you assess in a preschool/elementary child?

Do a visual/audiological evaluation

Review any relevant medical data/psychological data

Interview family members

Academic scores

Sample of work

Teacher interview

Gather language sample to assess syntactic skills (MLU, verb phrases, noun phrases, prepositional phrases, sentence types), morphological skills, semantic skills, pragmatic skills and language comprehension

What is a discrete trial procedure?

Useful in the initial stages of treatment for teaching a skill.

Show the stimulus, ask a question, give the correct response, reinforce child for correct imitation, record, go again.

What is expansion?

Expanding on the child's utterance.

What is extension?

Adding more information to what the child said.

What is focused stimulation?

Provide stimulus over and over.

What is parallel talk?

Say what the child is doing.

What is shaping?

When a complex response is broken down into smaller components and taught sequentially.

What is milieu teaching?

Uses approaches in natural settings.

Incidental teaching is where the adult waits for a child to initiate a response.

What are joint routines?

Routinized, repetitive activities used to stimulate language

How do you teach literacy skills?

Include more exposure to literacy related materials.

Target morphological awareness and phonological awareness

What are some gestural unaided AACs?

Pantomime: gestures to express message

Eye-blink

ASL

Limited manual sign: limited gestures and signs

What are some gestural assisted/aided AACs?

Picsysms: graphic symbols

Pic symbols: white drawings on black background

Blissymbols: semi-iconic and abstract

Sig symbols: based off ASL

Rebuses: pictures with words

Premack Type Symbols: plastic shapes associated with words

PECS

What is SCERTS?

Transactional supports to aid social communication and emotional regulation.

What is the structural theory of articulation development?

There is an innate, hierachrical order of acquisiton

Generally, how does speech sound acquisition look?

Vowels first

Nasals are usually first consonants

Stops before glides

Fricatives and liquids

Affricates and clusters latest

What is McDonalds Sensorimotor Approach to SSD?

It's a bottom up approach.

Emphasizes phonetic environment.

Begin at syllable level.

Begin with nonerror sounds

Find a context where misarticulated sound is correct and practice

Practice in different contexts

Generalize

What is Van Ripers Traditional Approach to SSD?

It's a bottom up drill

It focuses on auditory discrimination/perceptual training, phonetic placement, drills and practice.

For drilling: start in isolation -> syllables -> words -> phrases -> sentences -> reading -> conversation

What is the Distinctive Features Approach to SSD?

You find a common distinctive features among sound errors (all sounds have stridency sub), so you work on/f/ (for example) and hope it transfers to other sounds

What do you consider when deciding if a child needs therapy for SSD?

Are the errors inappropriate for their age?

Are they different from peers of their same cultural background?

Are they so unintelligible that it creates problems?

What do you need to do for a SSD assessment?

Gather..

case history

screening

oral mech

hearing

language assessment

assess sounds in words and sentences and convos

assess phonological processes

assess stimulability

How do you score speech sounds?

transcribe speech samples

find % misarticulated

note phonetic context where misartiuclation occurred

list errors

calculate

intelligibility

calculate severity with percent of consonants correct

>85% is mild

65-85% is mild-moderate

50-65% is moderate-severe

<50% is severe

What are some organically based disorders that could affect articulation?

ankyloglossia (tongue tie)

dental deviations (class 1 is when some teeth are misaligned. class 2 is overbite. class 3 is underbite)

orofacial myofunctional disorders (e.g. tongue thrust)

Developmental approach vs complexity approach with SSD

teach sounds developmentally vs teach later developing sounds and the others will come

What is the contrast approach for SSD?

clinician uses minimal pairs to show that there are semantic and motoric differences.

What phonological processes are gone by age 3? persist?

By age three:

-reduplication

-weak syllable deletion

-prevocalic voicing

-velar fronting

-FCD

Persist:

-final consonant

-devoicing

-CCR

-stopping

-epenthesis

-gliding

-depalatization