Respiratory Part 2 - Simplified Summary

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering respiratory pathology, diagnostic criteria, clinical phases, interventions, and infection control measures from Respiratory Part 2.

Acute Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tree where irritation causes excess mucus and congested airways; it is usually viral in origin.

Chronic Bronchitis

A condition characterized by airway inflammation, mucus, and a chronic productive cough presenting with symptoms occurring for $\ge 3\text{ months/year}$ for $2\text{ consecutive years}$.

Bronchiolitis

A pediatric illness that usually affects infants and is most commonly caused by RSV, wherein inflammation and secretions obstruct the small airways; primary nursing focus is airway, hydration, and oxygenation.

Bronchiectasis

Permanent dilation and scarring of the bronchi that causes secretions to pool, leading to recurrent infections, large amounts of thick, foul-smelling purulent sputum, and crackles or wheezes; best visualized on CT rather than CXR.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)

A chronic pediatric lung disease mainly affecting premature infants, where lung damage and scarring are associated with prolonged oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

An autosomal recessive genetic disorder producing thick secretions that obstruct airways, impair clearance, and lead to recurrent infections commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, and H. influenzae.

Sweat Test

The gold standard diagnostic test used to identify cystic fibrosis.

Pneumonia

An infection and inflammation of the lungs where edema and exudate fill the alveoli, leading to impaired $O_2$ and $CO_2$ exchange.

Tuberculosis (TB)

An infectious respiratory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, transmitted via inhalation of infectious respiratory particles.

PPD Skin Test

A screening tool for tuberculosis that is read in $48\text{--}72\text{ hours}$ by measuring induration, not redness; a positive result indicates exposure rather than confirmed active disease.

First-Line TB Medications

The initial four-drug combination regimen used to treat tuberculosis: Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A respiratory condition characterized by difficulty getting air out due to airway narrowing, inflammation or mucus, and loss of alveolar elasticity leading to air trapping.

Emphysema

A form of COPD characterized by alveolar destruction and loss of elasticity, resulting in air trapping and difficult exhalation.