unit five bio test

The Dose Response Curve provides a graphic representation of dose and effects and is used to predict the risk of occurrence of malignancies in the human population exposed to ionizing radiation

true

__________ is an example of a stochastic effect of radiation exposure.

cancer

Stochastic effects of radiation appear ______________ after exposure.

months or years

Studies of atomic bomb survivors indicate that leukemia has a ________________ dose response relationship to radiation.

linear quadratic

Doubling dose measures the effectiveness of ionizing radiation in causing mutations

true

A point which a response or reaction occurs and below which no response is seen describes:

threshold response

Any radiation capable of producing a biologic effect describes:

non-threshold response

Effects that are directly proportional to the dose received describes:

linear

Term used to describe the probability and severity of an effect based on the dose received:

deterministic

term used to describe the probability of an effect based on the dose received:

stochastic

_______________ risks are those that predict the number of excess cancers will increase as the natural incidence of cancer increases with advancing age.

relative risk

_________________ risks are the predicted, specific, number of excess cancers that will occur as a result of an exposure.

absolute risk

Carcinogenesis and embryologic effects are categorized as _____________ effects, whereas cataractogenesis is determined a ____________ effect.

stochastic / deterministic

Which of the following statements are NOT true regarding lab testing and studies on atomic bomb survivors?

Radiation induced cancer has distinct characteristics as compare to non-radiation induced cancers.

What is the most important late stochastic effect of radiation?

Carcinogenesis

Radium watch dial painters

Bone Cancer / Naso and oropharynx cancer

Uranium miners

Cancer and respiratory diseases

Early medical radiation workers

skin ca on hands aplastic anemia and leukemia

Thorotrast patients

Liver, spleen and angiosarcomas

Infants treated for large thymus glands

Thymus gland and respiratory distress

Mastitis patients

Breast Cancer

Chernobyl

Leukemia, childhood thyroid cancer, breast cancer

Which of the following mutations could occur after a radiation dose of 200mSv within 2 weeks of fertilization?

death or severe congenital abnormalities

Mental retardation, microcephaly, sense organ damage mutations may occur if irradiation occurs during this gestational period?

Organogenesis

Natural spontaneous mutations occur:

randomly and without known cause

What is the average latent period for cataracts?

15 years

When an individuals eye dose amount is over ________, the chances of developing cataracts is 100%.

10 Gy

The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy for radiation induced congenital abnormalities is during the _____.

first trimester

Our information on genetic effects of radiation has come from studies of _________.

mice

fruit flies

humans

Both A and B

both A and B

Technologist exposure to radiation comes from:

Low dose

Low LET

As gestation progresses, radiosensitivity __________________________.

decreases

Low birth weight

Teratogenic

Childhood CA

Late stochastic

Genetic effects

Late stochastic

Reduced fertility/sterility

Late deterministic

match the number on the dose curve to the risk: cataracts

3

match the number on the dose curve to the risk: most cancers

1

match the number on the dose curve to the risk: heritable damage

1

match the number on the dose curve to the risk: ALARA theory

1

Hormesis is the theory that a small amount of radiation is good for humans.

true

A science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of a disease in a population is known as:

Epidemiology

Late deterministic somatic effects appear immediately after exposure.

false

suggests that low levels of radiation (less than 100 mGy or 10 rad) is good for you

control radiation hormesis

leukemia

late stochastic

fibrosis

late deterministic

cataracts

late deterministic

miners

respiratory distress

early radiation workers

cancerous skin lesions on hands (radiodermatitis), aplastic anemia, leukemia (higher incidence rates than other types)

thoratrast injections

Liver cancer, Spleen cancer, Angiosarcomas, Biliary duct carcinoma

infants w/ enlarged thymus gland

increased thymus gland and respiratory distress

treatment of benign postpartum mastitis

breast CA

marshall islanders

thyroid CA

japanese atomic bomb survivors

leukemia, Thyroid cancer, Breast cancer, Lung cancer, Bone cancer

chernobyl

leukemia, thyroid CA, childhood thyroid CA, breast CA, and other malignancies

any radiation capable of producing an effect

nonthreshold

a point at which a response occurs

threshold

label lines #1 and #3

1 - linear nonthreshold

3 - nonlinear threshold