Social studies lesson 2

Social studies test 10/15

Republic

a form of government where the country is led by elected representatives instead of a king or queen

Representative democracy

a system of government where citizens elect leaders to make laws and decisions on their behalf

Direct democracy

is a form of government where citizens vote directly on laws and policies, instead of electing representatives to make those choices for them

Constitutional monarchy

is a form of government where a king or queen is the official head of state, but their power is limited by a set of laws called a constitution, the monarch is mostly a ceremonial figurehead who represents the country at special events, while the actual day-to-day power to make laws and run the country belongs to an elected parliament and a prime minister

Dictatorship

a form of government where one person or a small group holds absolute power and makes all the rules without asking the people or following a constitution

Theocracy

a form of government where religious leaders rule the country, and the laws are based entirely on a religion's holy books or beliefs

Oligarchy

is a type of government where power is held by a small, select group of people

Legislature

the group of people who have the power to make, change, and vote on laws for a country, state, or city

Parliament

a group of elected people who have the power to make and change laws for a country

Rule of law

is the idea that laws apply equally to everyone, including the government and its leaders, so that no one is above the law

Limited government

a system where the government's power is restricted by a constitution and laws, meaning it cannot do whatever it wants

English bill of rights

a 1689 law passed by the English Parliament that limited the power of the king and queen and gave more power to the people's representatives

13 articles outlining freedoms: petition the king, freedom of speech, freedom to bear arms, freedom of excessive fines, freedom to elect Parliament reps, freedom of cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail

Petition of right

famous English law passed in 1628 that limited the power of the King and protected the rights of everyday citizens

1628 King was pressuring subjects for money and housing soldiers without Parliament’s consent. Parliament forced him to agree to the….

Glorious revolution

Parliament deposed the Catholic King James II for abusing his power and violating laws.

Accession of William and Mary: Parliament offered the joint crown to William of Orange and his wife Mary (James II's Protestant daughter), provided they accepted the limitations outlined in the document

was a takeover of the English government in 1688 that limited the power of the king and gave more power to the people through Parliament

Charter

is a formal, written document that grants specific rights, powers, or privileges to a person, group, or organization

Magna Carta

a famous document signed on June 15, 1215, that for the first time put limits on the absolute power of the king of England

Feudalism

a medieval social, political, and economic system in Europe (roughly from the 9th to the 14th centuries) where people traded land, loyalty, and protection

King John

was a King of England who is most famous for being forced to sign the Magna Carta, one of the most important documents in history

He is often remembered as one of England's worst kings due to his cruel behavior, heavy taxing of his people, and major military failures

Social structure of Middle Ages

2 major principles of Magna Carta

• The Rule of Law: This is the idea that everyone must follow the law, even the king or government leaders. The king could no longer just make up his own rules or punish people whenever he felt like it; he had to obey the same laws as his citizens.

• The Right to Due Process: This principle means that the government cannot take away a person's life, liberty, or property without following fair and established legal steps. For example, it established that a person has the right to a trial by a jury of their peers before they can be convicted or punished.

Gives rights to people

William and Mary - English bill of rights

1689 - Signed into law by William and Mary Overthrew Mary’s father, Catholic King James II Gave Parliament more power Constitutional Monarchy - K/Q act as head of state, but powers are limited by law.

The English Bill of Rights was an Act of Parliament passed on December 16, 1689, that limited the power of the monarchy and established a constitutional monarchy under William III and Mary II