Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas GI infxns and UTI

Enterobacteriaceae will include what bacteria?

Proteus

Klebsiella

Enterobacter

What are characteristics of Enterobacteriaceae?

Gram -

Straight rods, ferment glucose (acid/ gas production)

Facultative anaerobes

What agar will enterobacteriaceae grow on?

Blood MacConkey agar

Which two enterobacteriaceae will be motile?

Proteus 

Enterobacter 

(Kleb- NOT motile)

What enterobacteriaceae will ferment lactose?

Klebsiella enterobacter

What enterobacteriaceae will produce urease?

Protus Klebsiella

What enterobacteriaceae will produce H2S on a TSI slant?

Proteus

What virulence factor will enterobacteriaceae all share?

LPS - endotoxins that are exposed causing toxic shock after cell is lysed.

Virulence factors of Proteus?

Urease (change urine pH)

Fimbrae - colonization

Hemolysin - pore forming - dissimination from bladder to kidney.

How can you tx Proteus mirabilis?

(B - lactams) Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Clavamox, Ceftiofur. 

What are virulence factors of Klebsiella?

Capsule

Endotoxin

Adhesion

Cytotoxic toxin (can have shiga toxin)

All enterobacteriaceae can cause what dz in dogs?

UTI

Both Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia can cause what in cattle?

Coliform mastitis

What can Proteus mirabilis and vulgaris cause in dogs and cats?

Otitis externa

What is the quantitative urine culture needed to confirm UTI?

More than 100,000 cfu/mL

Enterobacteriaceae will be Oxidase _ and Catalase _?

Negative

Positive

Which enterobacteriaceae will be yellow when grown on MacConkey agar and won’t have mucoid colonies?

Proteus - yellow (rest are pink)

What kind of culture should be done for samples thought to have enterobacteriaceae?

Aerobic culture and sensitivity

What do you do to tx Klebsiella pneumonia?

Aminoglycosides (resistant to Ampicillin)

What is used to tx Enterobacter aerogenes?

Aminoglycosides

B-lactams

Cephalosporins

What are characteristics of Pseudomonas?

Gram neg

Straight slender bacilli

Motile - flagellated 

Obligate anaerobe

Pseudomonas will be Oxidase and Catalase _ ?

Positive (for both)

What type of Pseudomonas will be most clinically relevant in vet med?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What are the 4 possible pigments of Pseudomonas and what colors are they?

Pyocyanin- blue

Pyoverdin - yellow/green fluroescent

Pyorubin - red

Pyomelanin - Brown

What do Pseudomonas eat?

Carbon compounds

Electric donors for energy.

Pseudomonas is an __ Pathogen?

Opportunistic - wounds or immunosuppression

Virulence factors of Pseudomonas? (9)

Capsule

Cytotoxin - leukocyte inhibition

Endotoxins

Exotoxins -A, S,

T - protein inhibition

Phospholipase C- hemolysin

Pili

Pyocyanin - tissue damage

Rhamnolipid- membrane damage

Biofilm

Pseudomonas aeruginosa will cause what in cows?

Mastitis, resp infections, uterine infections

What can Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause in dogs?

O. E, UTI, deep pyoderma

What will Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause in snakes?

Necrotic stomatitis (mouth rot)

What will Pseudomonas aeruginosa can in sows?

Mastitis -

Anorexia

Fever, edema in mammary region.

How do you tx Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Fluoroquinolones, Gentamicin, Polymyxin B.

What will Pseudomonas aeruginosa smell like?

Fruity grapes/ corn tortillas.

Identify the pathogen?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be extremely __ to ABX and disinfectants?

resistant

Pseudomonas can be acquired in what settings?

Nosocomial (hospital settings)

vax for Pseudomonas exist for what animals?

Mink, chinchillas.