Topic 1: Biological molecules

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Last updated 12:43 PM on 10/3/26
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15 Terms

1
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What are proteins made from

amino acids

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Amino acid structure

  • amino group

  • Carboxyl group

  • R group




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Amino acid molecule


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How do 2 amino acids join

  • condensation reaction, water molecule (H2O) is lost

  • Forms a peptide bond


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What breaks peptide bonds

Hyrdolysis

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4 typew of protein structurw

  • Primary

  • Secondary

  • Tertiary

  • Quaternary


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What is primary protein structure

Amino acid sequence

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What is secondary protein structure

  • Alpha Helix- peptide bonds form backbone, R group sticks out

  • Beta pleased sheet- 2 or more parallel polypeptide chains forming pleats



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What is tertiary protein structure

  • Alpha or beta sheet folds into a complex 3D shape.

  • Held together by 3 different types of bonds


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3 types of tertiary bonds

  • disulphide bond- covalent bond. Oxidation between sulfur groups

  • Ionic bonds- electrostatic interaction between R groups

  • Hydrogen bond- helps stabilise protein.


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Quaternary bond

  • multiple polypeptide chains


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15
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