BTEC Applied Science Unit 5 Chemistry: Basic Properties of Metal Oxides and Hydroxides

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key definitions, chemical ions, and neutralization equations for metal oxides and hydroxides based on BTEC Applied Science Unit 5 Chemistry.

Salt

A compound formed when the hydrogen ion $H^+$ in an acid is replaced by another positive ion, usually a metal ion or an ammonium ion $NH_4^+$.

Base

A substance that reacts with acids to produce a salt and water.

Alkali

A base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions $OH^-$.

Nitric Acid

An acid with the chemical formula $HNO_3$ that forms nitrate salts containing the nitrate ion $NO_3^-$.

Hydrochloric Acid

An acid with the chemical formula $HCl$ that forms chloride salts containing the chloride ion $Cl^-$.

Sulfuric Acid

An acid with the chemical formula $H_2SO_4$ that forms sulfate salts containing the sulfate ion $SO_4^{2-}$.

Nitrate Ion

An ion with the chemical formula $NO_3^-$ carrying a charge of $-1$.

Chloride Ion

An ion with the chemical formula $Cl^-$ carrying a charge of $-1$.

Sulfate Ion

An ion with the chemical formula $SO_4^{2-}$ carrying a charge of $-2$.

Metal Oxide

A compound of a metal and oxygen that acts as a base, reacting with an acid to produce a salt and water.

Metal Hydroxide

A compound of a metal and hydroxide that acts as an alkali, reacting with an acid to produce a salt and water.

Reaction of Calcium Oxide with Hydrochloric Acid

A reaction yielding calcium chloride and water, represented by the balanced equation $CaO + 2HCl \rightarrow CaCl_2 + H_2O$.

Reaction of Lithium Hydroxide with Nitric Acid

A reaction producing lithium nitrate and water, represented by the balanced equation $LiOH + HNO_3 \rightarrow LiNO_3 + H_2O$.

Reaction of Calcium Hydroxide with Sulfuric Acid

A reaction producing calcium sulfate and water, represented by the balanced equation $Ca(OH)_2 + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow CaSO_4 + 2H_2O$.

Reaction of Iron(III) Oxide with Hydrochloric Acid

A reaction involving iron(III) ($Fe^{3+}$) that produces iron(III) chloride and water, represented by the balanced equation $Fe_2O_3 + 6HCl \rightarrow 2FeCl_3 + 3H_2O$.

Reaction of Sodium Oxide with Sulfuric Acid

A reaction producing sodium sulfate and water, represented by the balanced equation $Na_2O + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + H_2O$.

Reaction of Magnesium Oxide with Hydrochloric Acid

A reaction producing magnesium chloride and water, represented by the balanced equation $MgO + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + H_2O$.