ch 7 terms + formulas

compressibility

a measure of how a sample changes in volume as a result of pressure

Thermal expansion

a measure of how a sample changes in volume as a result of temperature

Statement 1

matter is composed of tiny particles that have definite size + characteristics that do not change regardless

Statement 2

particles that are in constant random motion and therefore possess KE

Statement 3

particles interact with each other via attractions + repulsions from electrostatic interactions and therefore have PE

Electrostatic interactions

attractions or repulsions that occur between charged particles

different electrical charges

attract

same electrical charges

repel

potential energy (PE)

energy stored in matter that it has based on its position, condition, and/or its composition

Statement 4

the KE (velocity) of particles increases as temperature increases

Statement 5

particles in a system transfer energy to each other through elastic collisions

Kinetic energy is a

disruptive force

Potential energy is a

cohesive force

Solids have

definite shape and volume, high density, small compressibility, very small thermal expansion

Liquids have

definite volume but indef shape, high density, small compressibility, small thermal expansion

gases have

indef vol and indef shape, low density, large compressibility, moderate thermal expansion

Boyles’ Law formula

P1V1=P2V2

Charles’ Law formula

V1/T1=V2/T2

Combined Gas law formula

P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2

Ideal gas law formula

PV=nRT

Dalton’s law formula

Ptotal=PA+PB+PC+….

partial pressure

the pressure that a gas in a mixture would exert if under identical conditions, but alone

change of state

process where a substance starts as one state of matter and then transforms into another

exothermic

process that releases heat

endothermic

process that requires (absorbs) heat

evaporation

the process in which particles escape the liquid state into the gas state