Electronic Superhighway: Continental US, Alaska, Hawaii by Nam June Paik (1995)
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137 Terms
Where was Nam June Paik born?
Seoul, South Korea
When was Nam June paik born?
1932
Nam June Paik was born at a time when South Korea was controlled by whom?
The Japanese empire
Nam June Paik was born into what type of family?
AN elite family that highly prized education
Nam June Paik’s family introduced him to what at a young age?
European music and literature
When did Paik leave Korea?
1952
Where did Nam June Paik move in 1952?
Japamn
What did Paik study in Japan?
Aesthetics and music theory
Where did Paik study?
University of Tokyo
Where did Nam June Paik go after graduating?
Munich, West Germany
What nation was Munich in when Paik moved where?
West Germany
What did Paik become connected with in Munich?
A multi-media avant garde art scene
The multi media art scene Paik become involved with in Munich encompassed what arts?
Music, performane and conceptual art
When did Paik begin working on performance and installation?
Late 1950s
What did Paik begin working on in the late 1950s?
Performance and installation art
The approach Paik used in the late 1950s came from what?
Buddhism and American pop culture
What culture saturated Paik’s youth in Korea Japan?
American POp culture
Whom did paik claim was the first person he learned the full name of?
Shirley Temple
Why did paik make a comment about his having learned SHirley Temples full name before anyone elses including his family?
TO prove that his youth iN korea and japan was saturated with American pop culture
Who was Shirley Temple?
American child star
What do Paik’s earliest works demonstrate?
His collision of influences
“Hommage a John Cage” is an example of Paik’s work that does what?
Its a performance that mediates on emptiness and silence
When was “Hommage a John cage” made?
1959
What is “Zen for TV?”
A TV set whose output was manipulated or distorted
When was “Zen for TV” made?
1963
When was Paik photographed?
1959
When did Paik become connected with “Fluxus?”
Early 1960s
What was fluxus?
An international avant-garde movement of experimental artists whose conceptual art focused on breaking down barriers between everyday life and art
Fluxus was practiced by what types of people?
Artists, musicians, and performers
What type of work characterized FLuxus practice?
Participatory, performative, immersive, and collaborative media
What members are loosely associated with Fluxus?
George Maciunas, Alison Knowles, Yoko Ono, and Joseph Beuys
When did Paik begin teaching himself electronics?
Late 1950s early 1960s
Whom did Paik collaborate with to help him learn about technically complex artworks?
Abe Shuya
Who was Abe Shuya?
A Japanese engineer that Paik collaborate with
What did Paik take away from his collaboration with Abe SHuya and his learning of electronics?
That technically complex artworks include responsive feedback, pre-recorded and live footage, and various forms of sonic and visual distortion
Where did Paik move in 1964?
New York
Where did Paik spend most of the rest of his career after 1964?
New York
Is Paik's work easy to characterize?
No
Paik's work ranged from what to what?
“Scores” to musical notations with unconventional instruments, performances,m sculptures, video pieces, robots, public TV broadcasts and large-scale installations incorporating digital data
What are “scores?”
Instructions for performances that can be followed by anyone
Scores are a common __________ strategy
Fluxus Screens and digital data
Paik’s large scale installations often incorporated what?
Screens and Digital Data
Paik’s musical notations sometimes used ______________ instruments
Unconventional
Paik is considered one of the most influential _______________ artists of the 20th century
New Media
When did Paik pass away?
2006
Where is “Electronic Superhighway” permanently exhibited?
Smithsonian American Art Museum
Where is the SMithsonian Art museum?
Washington DC
Which work from the SMithsonian Art museum is one of Paik’s most monumental constructions?
“Electronic Superhighway”
What committee propose a highway expansion in 1955?
President’s Advisory Committee
The Presidents Advisory Committee proposed what in 1955?
A national Highway program
What is “Electronic Superhighway” consisted of?
More than 300 TV screens with neon tubing/lights
The TV screens in “Electronic Superhighway” are __________ and _________
Stacked and nested
How big is “Electronic Superhighway?”
40×15 feet
How does “Electronic Superhighway”draw the eye?
Neon tubing and constatnly changing images
In order to see that “Electronic Superhighway” represents a map what is needed?
To step back from the wokr
The __________ of screens in “Electronic Superhighway” represents a map
conglomeration
Are Alaska and Hawaii depicted in “Electronic Superhighway?”
Yes they are off to the side
How is the depiction of ALaska and Hawaii in “Electronic Superhighway” similar to maps?
They are “printed” off to the side like map insets
What is each state border outlined with in “Electronic Superhighway?”
Brightly colored Neon lights
What natural features are depicted in “Electronic Superhighway?”
Mississippi River and the Great Lakes
How are bodies of water depicted in “Electronic Superhighway?”
They are highlighted with neon lights
What appears to hover behind the map?
TV screens of various sizes fit together like puzzle pieces
What is “Electronic Superhighway” supported by?
A substantial armature of wooden framing
Each state’s outline contains how many screens in “Electronic Superhighway?”
1 or more screens
What do the screens in “Electronic Superhighway” show?
They show clips of film or TV footage related to the state
WHat does the outline of Kansas show?
Clips from “The Wizard of Oz”
When was “The WIzard of Oz” made?
1939
Who is the main character of “The Wizard of Oz?”
Dorothy Gale
Where does DOrothy Gale live?
On her family’s farm in kansas
Paik was fascinated by the US ___________ system
Highway
What did the US highway system do?
Link Continental US ina web of multi-lane freeways
Who implemented the US highway system?
President Dwight Eisenhower’s administration
What legislation implemented the US highway system?
Interstate Highway Act of 1956
When was Eisenhower’s Interstate Highway Act?
1956
What did the interstate system allow for?>
Easier and faster travel across the country
Was the interstate highway act and its highways the first establishment of major highways?
No, earlier projects had established some
Why were the highways made under the Interstate Highway Act of 1956 significant?
They were more intentionally integrated and made with consistent construction principles, numbering, and signage
What innovation was a aggressively marketed in the postwar era as one which promotes family?
The automobile
What did the interstate system promote in coalition with the family automobile?
It encouraged Americans to take to the roads during their leisure time
What did Paik marvel about in relation to the interstate highway system?
How it contributed to processes of American cultural unification in the postwar years
What processes of American cultural unification in the postwar years did the interstate highway system accomplish?
Connecting people, expanding product distribution networks and facilitating the spread of nationally recognizable chain stores and restaurants
How does “Electronic Superhighway” present the physical network of interstate highways?
As a unifying force
The unifying force of the interstate highway system is depicted in “Electronic Superhighway” alongside what other element of cultural hegemony?
The Television
The interstate highway and television are represented in “Electronic Superhighway” as being elements of AMerican cultural ___________
Hegemony
Paik is sometimes called the father of what?
Video art
Paik was on eof the first people to create what type of artwork?
Viewer-responsive artworks
Paik particularly uses what technology in creating his viewer-responsive works?
Televisual technology
What group exhibition did Paik participate in 1969?
“TV as a Creative Medium”
When was the “TV as a Creative MEdium” exhibition?
1969
Where was the “TV as a Creative Medium” Exhibition?
New York
What did Paik exhibit in the “TV as a Creative Medium” group exhibit?
A TV programmed to respond to the sounds visitors made into a microphone
Attempts to “humanize" the technology” with participator elements were ultimately what according to Stephanie Harrington?
Off-putting and lacking a unifying idea
Stephanie Harrington is a critic from what magazine?
“Village Voice”
Who described attempts to humanize TV technology as “off-putting” and lacking a “unifying idea?”
Stephanie Harrington
What drove questions about machine learning, feedback, and other networked systems for Paik?
The theory of cybernetics
What popularized the theory of cybernetics?
An influential 1948 book by Norbert WIener
Who was Norbert WIener?
A computer scientist who wrote an influential book about cybernetics
The theory of cybernetics drove what for Paik?
Questions about machine learning, feedback, and other networked systems
What conceptual artists adopted Wiener’s theories of cybernetics?
Dan Graham, Hans Haacke, and Nam June Paik
What types of artists are noted for adopting Norbert Wiener’s theories?
Conceptual artists