gene expression achieved definitions

triplet

a sequence of 3 complementary bases on the DNA molecule

codon

a sequence of 3 complementary bases on the mRNA molecule

anti-codon

a sequence of 3 complementary bases on the tRNA moelcule that pairs with the mRNA codon

gene

a section of DNA that codes for a enzyme or protien or trait

mutation

a permanent change in the base sequence of DNA

mutagen

any physical or chemical agent that increases the rate of mutations

substitution mutations

a point where a single base or nucleotide is swapped or permanently changed in the DNA base sequence

metabolic pathway

a series of enzyme controlled reactions where the product of one reaction becomes the substrate for the next

enzyme

a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

substrate

a substance that an enzyme acts on or binds with to produce a product

environmental factors (non mutagenic)

examples of this are light, temperature, lack of nutrients and minerals.
a substance that effects gene expression or phenotype but does not change the DNA base sequence/ genotype