Chem - Ch.4 - Acids & Bases

Acids Definition:

Always produces a proton (H⁺) ion - Starts with H or ends with COOH

Protons available (active) in an acid =

The # of front H’s

Bases Definition

Always produce a hydroxide (OH^-) ion

Strong Acids & Bases

Dissociate 100%

HCl is a ____

strong acid

Is HBr a strong acid

Yes

Is HI a strong acid

Yes

Is HClO3 a strong acid

Yes

HClO4 is a _____

Strong acid

Is HNO3 a weak acid

No

What kind of acid is H₂SO₄

Strong Acid

Strong bases are ___

Group 1A metal hydroxides & Heavy Group 2A metal hydroxides

LiOH is a ___

Strong Base

NaOH is a ___

Strong Base

Is KOH a strong Base

Yes

RbOH is a ___

Strong Base

CsOH is a ___

Strong Base

Is Ca(OH)₂ a strong base

Yes

Is Sr(OH)₂ a weak base

No

Ba(OH)₂ is a ____

Strong Acid

Weak Acids and Bases Definition:

Dissociate partially (Weak electrolyte)

Breaks into ions but also reforms original molecules (More og molecules present)

Weak acids & Bases

T or F: Weak acids and bases us double arrow instead of single

True

NH₃ is a ____

Weak base

Is CH₃NH₂ a weak or strong base?

Weak base

SrF₂ & NH₄Br are ionic compounds and therefore Strong Electrolytes, which chemical will

conduct more?

SrF₂

Dissociation is the process of _____

Breaking up into ions

There are ___ types of electrolytes

3

Polyprotic Acids

Have more than one donatable (reactive) proton

Donatable protons are the ___ H’s

front

H₂CO₃ has ___ reactive H’s

2 (diprotic)

H₃C₆H₅O₇ has ___ reactive H’s

3 (Triprotic)

Reactions occur spontaneously (automatically) due to changes in:

Heat (enthalpy) and Randomness (entropy)

Driving force is the formation of

Stable, lower-energy products