Visual Arts #2 exam

Name: Seperation of light from darkness

Artist: Michelango (grumpy, did not want to paint)

Location: Sistine chapel ceiling, Vatican ceiling

Date: 1511-1512

Technique: Fresco (fresh) Watercoloring, Fresco cycle, series of scenes tells 9 stories of genesis but ordered backwards. Fresco goes on wet plaster can’t continuously work on (giornata - amount of plaster able to paint in a given day). “pouncing” with charcoal dust - Michelango was not exact when he did this. Limestone and volcanic ash used for plaster.

illusionistic- gives the illusion that your looking up at God (also foreshadowing)

Composition - Illusionistic architectural framework

Modeling - very shadowy, looks like real body, 3D, life like.

Name: Battle of Hastings begins

Location: Norman - Anglo-saxon, England or France,

Date: 1066- 1082

Material: Linen/wool

Technique: Embroidery(made in great Britain that is known for it), Bayeux Tapestry

230ft long, shows continuous story of the battle

William - Normandy, viking, North France

Manuscript painting - there are mythical animals

Style: Cartoonish, simply/exaggerate to tell story, idealized towards William, Includes negative space to to help with story telling

Astrologers announce a comet - Halley’s comet is in this (bad omen from harold)

Charles Dickens said it was the work of amateurs

Name: Tunic

Location: Peru, Inca

Date: 1500

Material: Camelid fiber (wool, from alpaca lamb), cotton

Textile (patchwork, family crest of different noble families to show honor, power, and eliteness

Slits in the textile show it is supposed to be worn. Elite status because king of Inca empire, very unique

Cochineal - expensive dye from an insect that when squished is a pinkish/red color.

Women - high priestest, virgin women, protective class, women made the textile

Name: The Unicorn rest in a garden from the unicorn Tapestries

Location: French/Flemish (beligium)

Material: wool/silk/metal thread (silk thread that was wrapped in gold/silver to make the tapestry have a shimmer)

Technique: Woven

Date: 1495-1505

Commissioned by an artistocrat french family, used as decoration, warm walls, ultimate luxury item.

Garden connects to garden of Eden, hints of religion in the art, Unicorn was a symbol of the virgin mary, christ like with wounds, but secular object

In the Met in New York

Medieval art

Name: Shakyamuni Buddha (“Sage of the Shakyas”, familial clan from what is now Nepal)

Location: Saspol Cave 3, Gon-Nila-Phuk cave temples, India (mountainous region)

Technique: Mural Painting (because in cave, not well perserved, falls apart easily - sense of movement from the light and pattern like stained glass)

Date: 15th ce

Manifestation of buddha

Pilgrammage site (travel to worship) the journey, part of the trial

Tibetan buddhist tradition, multiple manifestations of the buddha allow enlightenment in one life time.

several images of the buddha, and some lower dieties, revolve around buddha life and aspects (different things to pray about). Repetition of images.

Name: Waves at Matsushima

Technique: Byobu, Painted screen, adjustable/foldable (good for small houses)

Artist: Tawaraya Sotatsu (lower ranked artist)

Material:Painted screen, gold, ink, color, paper, Fusuma - folding/sliding screen

Location: Kyoto, Japan

Date: 16th - early 17th C

Composition: Abstract, irregular island, silver, trees

Pictorial space: map, 2 views in one painting, eagle eye and normal 90 degree view of the island

Tarashikomi - Pooling of ink, color falling outside of the intended lines, linearity of waves, ink bleeds

Name: Court ladies preparing newly woven silks

Material: Silk with ink/color/gold (can be rolled up, transported) (got silk from the silk worm - parasite of mulberry tree

Location: Somg Dynasty (emperor Huizong)

Attributed to Zhong Xua, court painter of the Tang dynasty that came before the song dynasty

Date: 12th C
Writing on it- Colophon, info about it, Seal - show ownership and multiple owners

Purpose- show how they made silk, in a ceremonial way shown by how the women are dressed, only court ladies, and symbolic

Name: Virgin and Child with Saints Dominic and Aurea

Artist: Duccio di Buoninsegnia

Date: 1312-1315

Material: Tempera/gold/panel (small, portable, foldable)

Icons (iconic, religious (orthodox) because of virgin mary and baby jesus): Tempera (egg white or yoke) or encaustic (wax) on panel (wood) with gold leaf. Pigment and binder to make paint (wax common to make oil, watercolor, and acrylic)

Altar piece: Triptych (like trifold)

Process: Poplor (wood), Gesso (Plaster), Underdrawing, gold leaf, underpainting, final layers

Blue robe Virgin Mary wears and purple Jesus (royalty) - Both very nice colors and shows status and symbol

Name: Garden of Earthly Delights

Artist: Hieronymus Bosch

Location: Triptych, Brussels

Material: Oil/wood, Since oil takes more time to dry, so more time to work on it, Oil/pigment to make paint, prep wood to paint

Date: 1505-1515

NOT AN ALTAR PIECE, not religious, not state art (highly unsual artwork)

Left - Creation, garden of eden, supposed to be good (adam, eve, and god the father depicted) but animals eating each other, beastes + dark water (bad)

Right - Hell, beast, look evil, good religious people and bad, moral collapse

Center - Alchemy (theory) - crucible (experiments) alchemical vesicle, Large red fruit, ancient alchemical symbol (elixir of life, philosophers stone - ties with christianity , eternal life)

Name: Adam and Eve

Artist: Albert Durer (German artist, put his name in artwork in latin ancient script (classism)

Technique: engraving (copper plate, use burin used, plate would move burin stayed stationary), Mulitple prints, less expensive, mass production

Location: Nuremburg, Germany

Date: 1504

Start of collecting era since its a print

Depictions of what Jesus looks like

4 Humors (fluids of the body are made of) - Elk melancholy, pessimism (black bile), Cat Choleric ( Yellow bile), Rabbit Sanguine lazy phelegmatic (High passion), Ox Phlegmatic

Name: The Great Wave, 36 views of Mount Fuji (series, sublime nature landscape)

Artist: Katsushika Hokusaki

Material: Polychrome, woodblock, print, paper

Technique: Woodblock (have to make art upside down and flipped, labor intensive, mulitple artist (Design, carver, print), mass production

Added to the collecting era, Transformed Western art

Composition: Traditional perspective

Prussian Blue, early synthetic pigment (cheaper), Used the Bokashi Technique: pigments are more saturated and fade up the image

Date: 1831

Read right to left, different perspective, more threatening

Name: The letter

Artist: Mary Cassatt (most time in Paris)

Technique: color drypoint, aquatint (like etching, not engraving) (draw into wax, still making plate, use acid-etch into copper plate, more fluid movement, Use drypoint needling to add more details (in hair)

Date: 1890-1891

Flatten perspective

People didn’t love her art because it was depictions of women in everyday life, and time period when it was difficult for women to do anything.

Name: Saint Francis is Ecstasy

Artist: Giovanni Bellini (he gave up his fortune, approval from the Pope Innocent 3rd, Stigmata at La Verna (wounds of christ in his hands, feet, and his side), tries to live a Christ like life of poverty, God was in everything (revolutionary and radical idea in christianity)

Material: Oil, tempora, wood

Date: 1470s

Naturalism in the landscape

The light in the landscape is transformative and religious. Golden light and light touches everything it sees.

Orthogonal- Vainishing paint, looks 3d, like looking through a window

Atmospheric perspective - fading of color

Start to see signatures in art

Name: Mountain Market, Clear with rising mist

Location: Joseon dynasty, Korea

Material: Painted scroll, ink on silk (precious)

Date: Early 1500s

Read from the bottom to to the top, golden

Mirrored image, if you flip it

Part of a courtly environment, painter would write poetry (lierat), honored refer literatil

Long tradition of landscape, sophisticated use of space, subdued colors (soft colors, decrease intensity of work), calligraphic (decorative), journey through landscape, Pictorial space and composition

Name: Great Serpent Mound (looks like a snake)

Location: Adams County, Ohio

Date; 1070 (lines up with when the Halley’s comet happened (Battle of hastings)), lines up with astronomical events

Large area, 1254 feet long

Landscape, not a painted piece of art, Built in an impact crater

Indigenous people lived in this area

Nearby burial mounds

Name: Mona Lisa (her whole name is Madonna Lisa di Gherardo, my lady or another name for the Virgin Mary)

Artist: Leonardo da Vinci

Material: Oil/wood

Date: 1503-1506

It is kept at the Louvre in France, Paris

Touchstone - Represented what was bad about art, stiff and boring, other artist took own spin of portrait poking fun at her

Naturalism - looks 3d with light and dark

Atmospheric perspective - background fades up

Went against standard portraits that were side profiles because this was 3/4th view, Vinci went against the normal)

Directly looking at the viewer, new in europe, too confronting especially for a women

Chiaroscuro - light and dark, new in renaissance painting

Sfumato - hidden by smoke, darker pigments in the background

Name: Hip Pendant of an iyoba (Queen mother)

Location: Benin City, Nigeria (kept at the met right now)

Material: Ivory (African ivory trade) , iron, copper

Date: 1550

idealistic and abstract, religiously related to the Mona Lisa

Pendant - used as part of a ritual movement to show wealth and power, luxury item because it was ivory. Worn by Iyoba (queen mother) also one for Oba (king)

The color being white shows the Olokun, god of the sea, spiritual counterpart of the Oba

The headdress had alternating images of Portuguese traders and mudfish to show trading, sea gods, and wealth from trade.

Name: Jahangir Preferrring a Sufi Shaykh to kings

Artist: Bichitr

Material: Gouache, gold, ink, paper

Location: Mughal

Date: 1615-1618

Figures order and size show the ranking of them for his world view and in general (what artist consider important)

Jahangir - ruler on throne, emperor (biggest one, with halo surrounding him)

Sufi Shaykh Salim - Guy with the beard (mystic) pilgrammage site to get advice from or honor mystic

Ottoman sultan Ahmed 1 - wearing a turbin, great traders for western goods, wearing green/gold textile

King James of England - 17th ruler attire

Bichitr - the artist is at the bottom, holding one of his artworks, Hindu artist

2 little angels as decoration, collecting sands of time

All part of muraqqa or album

Name: Twin figure (ere ibeji)

Location: Yoruba culture, Nigeria (now kept at the houston MFA with a shared garment)

Material: wood, glass, beads, cotton, coconut shell beads, pigments (indigo, tukula) (mainly wooded material, the rest is part of the garment covering the twin figures)

Date: early 20th C

Purpose: It was a way for mothers to remember twins, because they weren’t as likely to survive since they would be smaller) Try to remember them as young adults, Mothers would go to sharma (liminal) set up in a shrine to remember, very individualized and personal

Now its too expensive, but just use something cheaper, ritual more important than the figure itself

Style: Ideal figures, and abstract

Name: Whirling log ceremony

Artist: After Hosteen Klah (very famous, medicine man, sand painter, weaver, born intersex)

Weaving after a sand painting design

Date: 1925

Culture: Dine (Navajo)

Reservations, part of aztec empire

Ritual activity, made sand paintings, but only kept for ritual, some are made into sand weavings if something special, symbol of healing

The rotating logs with spirit figures (swastica), would rotate by people blowing on them

8 Yeis, holy people that are sitting on the logs

Logs in 4 cardinal directions, East is at the top, then in moves clock wise, good luck

Name: Te-Hau-ki-Turanga (Maori meeting house)

Artist: Raharunhi Rukupo, master carver

Date: 1842, 1843 (Restored 1935)

Material: Wood, shell, grass, flax, pigments

Location: New Zealand

Marae - fenced in complex of carved building and grounds that belong to a certian tribe, Iwi

Ridge pole - Spine of tribal founding ancestor, human like features of the building, face on top of ridge pole. A line form of building

Tiki - ancestors refered as gods, religious but mainly family ritual based, localized

All the arts in Polynesia were sacred

Interior had relief panels with polychrome geometric images, lower sections were house post with carved small ancestral images (Poupou), Beams and Rafters - painted, red, white, black designs

Tukutuku panels - women made outside the meeting house