CJ Midterm

What statistic is used to measure the violent crime rate?

homicide

Tool used to measure crime and criminal justice stats; created in 1997?

UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)

Tool used to measure mortality rates and violence-related deaths?

WHO (World Health Organization)

Tool used to measure European crime and justice stats?

Eurostat

What national policy was created in response to 9/11; it formed DHS and expanded TSA?

USA PATRIOT Act (United and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act)

Countries with common law systems?

US and UK

Countries with civil law systems?

France and Japan

Country with investigating judges?

France

Crimes that become known to law enforcement and are officially recorded; UCR is an example of this form of crime measurement?

Police-recorded crime

Crime measurement tool created in 1930s by FBI, collection of stats from almost all national police precincts, violent and property crimes? (police-recorded crimes)

UCR (Uniform Crime Report)

Crime measurement tool created in 1970s by DOJ and Census Bureau, gathers context of crimes and the characteristics of victims, supposed to get info on unreported crimes? (victimization survey)

NCVS (National Crime Victim Survey)

Crime measurement tool that asks American youth to anonymously report their involvement in criminal offenses? (self-report survey)

NYS (National Youth Survey)

Records produced by police, prosecutors, courts, prisons, or other government agencies?

Administrative data

Information collected my asking people about victimization, offending, or perceptions?

Survey data

Crime measurement tool that groups crimes for statistical comparison rather than relying only on national legal labels?

ICCS (International Classification of Crime for Statistical purposes)

Name of London’s first official police force?

Bow Street Runners

Country/countries where officers do not carry firearms so firearm support is provided by specially trained authorities, stop-and-search authority must come from a specific legal power?

England and Wales

Country/countries where officers are armed, search authority is governed by constitutional doctrine, state law, etc.?

US

What did the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829 change?

It created a full-time, professional, and centrally organized police force for London under the Home Secretary

British policing is defined by the power and legitimacy of the police coming from the collective approval and willing cooperation of the public, this is called?

Policing by consent

Which country has decentralized agencies and local variation?

US

Which country has territorial forces and policing by consent?

England and Wales

Which country has 16 lander (states) that police with federal consent?

Germany

Which country has 47 prefectural policing organizations and a neighborhood koban (small community police stations)?

Japan

What are the state police responsible for most ordinary policing within a land called?

Landespolizei

What is the state criminal police office called?

LKA

What are the federal police with responsibilities including borders, federal railways, and aviation security called?

Bundespolizei

What is the federal criminal police office called?

BKA

What law enforcement agency was created as a result of the Homeland Security Act of 2002?

ICE

What are the 3 components that make up the criminal justice system in the US?

Law enforcement, the courts, and corrections

This type of law relies on precedent and statutes remain central?

Common Law

What is a measurable difference in outcomes between groups?

Disparity

What focuses on patterns built into institution, policies, and social conditions?

Structural Inequality

What is the belief that authorities are appropriate, fair, and deserving of cooperation?

Legitimacy

What occurs when race, ethnicity, descent, national origin, or related identity becomes an improper basis for suspicion or enforcement?

Profiling

What asks whether people are formally treated by the same rule?

Equality

What asks whether institutions recognize different barriers, histories, or starting conditions?

Equity

What is a socially constructed way that societies classify people, often connected to perceived biological characteristics?

Race

What is a shared cultural, national, linguistic, ancestral, or historical identity?

Ethnicity

What is unequal access to resources, opportunities, power, protection, or social status?

Social Inequality

What are choices made within legal authority called?

Discretion

What is the name of the 17-year-old Muslim teen shot in France?

Nahel Merzouk

Does the US benefit from asset forfeiture?

Yes

Do self-report surveys most commonly reflect juvenile offending?

Yes

Does Germany have one centralized police agency?

No