programming 2 viva

define modularity

splitting a program into small independent parts (function classes objects) where each part does one job - teams can build part in parallel and reuse them

define object

a bundle of data (variables called atrtibutes) plus the operations on that data (methods)

define class

a vlueprint or template many objects can be created from one class - defined with class key word

object oriented programming define

designing a program as lots of small objects work together - re-use code instead of rewriting it

method vs function define

both are named blocks of code with parameters that can return a value

• a method is defined inside of a class

  • a function stands alone

define method overlapping

several methods iwht the same name but different parameter lists each behaving differently

polymorphism define

‘many forms’ the same method or operator name doing different things depending on the object adds numbers but joins strings - overloading is one example

define scope

where the variable can be used a variable made inside a function only exists inside that function

indetation define

marks which lines blond to a class

define sequence selection iteration

if elif else

define type casting

coverting a caluue to another type such as (int) (float) (string)

what does random.randint(1, 100) return

random whole number from 1 to 100 both included

difference between == and =

== compares, = assigns

what is method overloading

means several methods share a name but have different parameters

explain polymorphism

one name can take many forms behvaing differently depending on the object or data , overloading is a type of polymorphism

why call maximum number twice -

it only compares 2 numbers

1. maximum number- what if two numbers are equal

num1> num2 is false, it returns num 2- same value, still correct

2. number guesser - how do you limit to 5 guesses

start at 5 and drop by 1 per wrong guess or i in range (1,6)

whats the difference between break and quit

break leaves the loop while quit ends the whole program

3. account balance- why a while loop not for loop?

we do not know the number of years in advance , loop until balance >/ target

how do you add interent

balance = balance + balance* interest rate

interest rate = 1.02

4. days in month - how do you group months

or 4,6,9,11 → 30 while rest have 31 except for feb which has 28 on a leap 29

4. days in month- how do you know if its a leap year

if it divisible by 4

whats the difference between / // and %

• / normal division gives exact answer of 3.75

• // floor division - gives whole number 3. with the decimal chopped of

  • % modulo - only the remainder of whats leftover

define overloading on more time for good measure - remeber maxnumebr

yo uhave one method with the same name but it can be called in different ways with different parameters

why use overloading

• it is simpler

• more readable

  • same task done in different ways

define class attribute

class body- not in a method, the class and all objects- confined to a class

define istnace attribute

one object (each has its own copy- confised to an object of a class

define local

inside of a method , declared within a method scope

so variable attribute class objet

• variable holds a value

• attribute- a variable that belongs to an ebject

• class - blue print

• obejct - made from class

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define static

belongs ot a class as a whole not to individual objects

define private

only accessible inside it sown class ab

define abstract

has no body you cant create objects

define variable

a named storage location in a computer program

• ech variable hols a name an unique value

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what is a primative data type

• numbers strings files containers

define ltieral number

a literal number is the number types in and the decimal point decides integer or float

define constant variable

should nto be changed after the initial value has been assigned - declared suign all caps

what is a magic number

a number that eappears in your code without any further explaination

Q: How can you split a long line of code over two lines?

A: Three ways: (1) break inside brackets ( ), (2) break after a comma inside a function call, or (3) end the line with a backslash \.

why does splitting a logn line of code work like that

A: The outer brackets are still open at the end of line 1, so Python knows the statement isn’t finished and keeps reading.

Q: What does a backslash \ at the end of a line do?

A: It joins that line to the next one, so Python reads them as one statement.

Q: What’s the danger with the backslash?

A: There must be nothing after it, not even a space or tab, or you’ll get an error.

define function

collection of programming instructions or constructs that performa aparticular task

what does abs(x) do

gives the absolute value so that abs(-105) would give 105

what does round (x) do

rounds to the nearest integer

what does round (x,n) do

rounds to the nearest decimal place)

what type of error doe sthe wrong number of arguments give you

type error e.g. abs (x,2), round has an optional second argument

so if we need a specific module from a livbarary how do we import it

jsut import a module from its libarary ‘from math import sqrt

explain libraries and modules

python’s standard libraries are orgnaised into modules

• related functions and data types are grouped into the same module functions defined ina module must be explicitly loaded or impoirtant into your program before they can be used

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define string / string literal

sequence of characters

• string literal denoets particular string with either ‘‘ or ““

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explain index of a character

goe sfrom position 0 to position i

how can individual character in a string be accessed

subscript notation [] square brackets

how is the behaviour of an object given

through methods what

what is a method

just like a function it is a collection of programming isntructions that carry out a particualr task , unlike a funcation which is a standalone operation a method can only be applied to an object of the type for which it was defined

what does a method belong to

a type of object

you write objects first ehna dot then method name

Q: Does name.replace("Danny", "Daniel") change name?

A: No. It returns a new string, "Daniel Onah", and the original is untouched.