Us History 1 Honors: TCL Reading

Sectionalism

Civil War

• Caused by State Rights about wanting to have slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act

This 1854 act opened Kansas and Nebraska to settlement under the banner of popular sovereignty. Kansas erupted in violence as proslavery and antislavery settlers battled for control of the territory.

•  idea of ______popular_______ sovereignty, which basically meant that white residents of states could decide for themselves whether the state should allow slavery. 

  • people getting to choose what they want to have for their own state

  • only considering white people

Roger B. Taney

• Chief Justice

• Got to decide which blacks or slaves or not based on their property.

  • not considering them people

• Declared Dread Scott a slave

Abraham Lincoln

• Republican Party

  • Anti-Slavery

• firm opponent of slavery who had initially gained national attention during a run for the Senate in 1858.

John Brown

• Overly against slavery, a major abolitionist

• Lead a raid on a arsenal at Harper Ferry, Virginia to gather weapons

  • gave weapons to enslaved people to inspire revolts

Charles Sumner

• Senator of Massachusetts

• May 22, 1856; beaten to on the Floor of the Senate.

  • Caused by Preston Brooks, using a gold-tipped cane to bash his head

• An ardent abolitionist; against slavery in Kansas Territory

  • His beliefs went against Andrew P. Butler and Many Southerns.

• “The Crime Against Kansasa”

  • Him opposing Kansas being proslavery

Andrew P. Butler

• Senate of South Carolina

• Proslavery

Preston Brooks

• Andrew P. Butler’s Newphew

• Attacked of Charles Sumner

  • Used his gold-tipped cane to bash his head.

  • Praised for defending the South and family’s honor; many people wanted him to do it again.

  • Appealed to the Northerners as an example of “Southern Brutality”, leaning Northerns to limiting slavery.

Ohio

• Served as the main route for westward migration into the old Northwest Territory and as a Boundary Between North and South

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

• Declared that all lands north of the Ohio would prohibit slavery, leaving slavery allowable in lands to the south.

The Missouri Compromise (early 1820s)

This 1820 compromise banned slavery from much of the Louisiana Territory while maintaining the balance of power between states with and without slavery in the Senate.

• Happened when Missouri tried to apply as a state with slavery, with would distrust the balance of power in the Senate toward the South.

• Missouri would enter the union as a state with Slavery and Main as a free state, preserving the balance of power in the Senate

  • Sponsored by the Speaker of the house, Henry Clay

• Northerners were angry about the extension of slavery to Missouri, and Southerners disliked the ban on slavery in much of the Louisiana Territory.

Northerners

• Opposed the acts of slavery

Southerners

• Affirmative for slavery

Henry Clay

• Senator of Kentucky

• “The Great Compromiser” reattempting to mend sectional differences

  • was the one who won passage of the Missouri Compromise, 1820

Harriet Tubman

• Fugitive slave who turned abolitionist

• “Conductor”

  • lead the Underground railroad

Wilmot Proviso

• Banned slavery from any territory that the United States might acquire.

  • “Preserve for free white labor a fair country”

The Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay hoped this compromise on slavery in the West would please everyone, but its inclusion of the Fugitive Slave Law deeply frustrated many Northerners.

• California into a Union as a free state.

  • pleased the Northerners

• Remainder of the two Southwest territories (New Mexico and Utah) open to slavery

  • pleased the Southerners

Fugitive Slave Law

• Proposed with the Compromise of 1850

  • required the return of fugitives from slavery to their enslavers.

• Satifies No One:

  • The Fugitive Slave Law allowed Southern "slave catchers" to travel north to retrieve fugitives from slavery and required Northerners to assist them or face fines, even imprisonment. Many Northerners believed the law was immoral and refused to obey it. Their resistance outraged Southerners.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

This best-selling novel touched the hearts of Northerners with its narrative of an enslaved man who was mistreated by a brutal enslaver, turning many against slavery.

• Made by Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Described the cruelties of slavery through the narrative of a dignified enslaved man called Uncle Tom

• Impacted:

  • hoped her novel would help bring slavery to an expedited and peaceful end

  • increased hostility of Northerners towards Southerners

Agitators

• wanted to influence the vote on slavery

Republican Party

Antislavery activists and Free-Soilers combined in 1854 to form the Republican Party, which was committed to stopping the expansion of slavery.

• Party formed by anti slavery activists and settlers, or Free-Soilers

Case of Dred Scott v. Sandford

• in 1850, Fred Scot and Harriet, after their enslavement, they tried to sue for their Freedom in a St. Louis, Missouri, court.

  • reached Supreme Court, lead by Chief Justice Roger Taney

Dred Scott Decision

This 1858 Supreme Court decision denied citizenship to African Americans and opened all western territories to slavery. Northerners were appalled and Southerners satisfied.

• The judge, Chief Justice Roger Taney, only considered Dred Scott as property to his enslaver.

  • Northerners believed the Court’s decision had invalidated the entire idea of “free soil”

  • Southerners believed the Court had settled the slavery question in their favor

The Election of 1860

Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won election in 1860 with a minority of the popular votes. Fearing that Republicans would interfere with slavery, several states with slavery seceded. On April 10, 1861, Southern forces attacked Fort Sumter, beginning the Civil War.

• Final wedge between the North and South

• Northerners nominated Stephen Douglas of Illinois and supported popular sovereignty

• Southerners nominated John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky, wanting slavery permitted in all territories.

For Sumter

• Southern Forces opened fire

• Provoked Fury in the North

• Caused no more compromise, the start of The Civil War.

Theodore Weld

• Advocate for Abolitionists

• Helped lead the American Anti-Slavery Society

• Married Angelia Grimke, another abolitionist, during his work.

• Influenced movements through his writings, also having Harriet be apart.

Oberlin

• The first college in the United States to admit women and African Americans

  • reputation for quickly adopting the newest ideas of social activism

Wendell Philips

• A great speaker for abolitionists

• Worked with William Lloyd Garrison

Anthony Burns

• An escaped slave that refuged in Boston, an anti-slavery state.

• Due to the Fugitive Slave Act, he was forced to go back to his enslaver, angering the people of Boston.