HOSA Pharmacology

analgesic

agent that relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness (Tylenol, Advil, Motrin)

anesthetic

produces lack of feeling either local or general depending upon type and how administered (lidocaine, Xylocaine, Novocain)

antacid

neutralizes acid (Amphojel, Gelusil, Mylanta, Milk of Magnesia)

anthelmintics

used to treat worm infections

anti-impotence

used to treat erectile dysfunction

anti-infective

kills and inhibits growth of bacteria

anti-inflammatory

prevents inflammation (Advil, Motrin, Naprosyn)

antianemic

prevents or cures anemia

antianginal

prevents or relieves angina(condition marked by severe pain in the chest) attacks

antianxiety

relieves anxiety and muscle tension (Librium, Valium)

antiarrhythmic

controls cardiac arrhythmias (lidocaine HCl, Xylocaine, Inderal)

antibiotic

destroys or inhibits growth of microorganisms (Kelfin, Rocephin, Pentids, penicillins, Augmentin)

anticholinergic

blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses; decreases oral and respiratory secretions (atropine, Artane)

anticoagulant

prevents or delays blood clotting (heparin, warfarin, Coumadin)

anticonvulsant

prevents or relieves convulsions / seizures (Tegretol, Zarontin, Dilantin)

antidepressant

prevents or relieves symptoms of depression (Tofranil, Marplan, Nardil)

antidiabetic

used to manage diabetes

antidiarrheal

prevents or relieves diarrhea (Keopectate, Lomotil, Pepto-Bismol)

antidote

counteracts poisons and their effects (Narcan)

antidysrhythmic

controls and prevents cardiac dysrhythmias(abnormal rhythm)

antiemetic

prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting (Dramamine, Marinol, Phenergan, Reglan, Tigan)

antiflatulent

relieves gas and bloating in GI tract

antifungal

kills or inhibits growth of fungi (Diflucan, Lamisil, Lotrimin, Monistat, Nizoral, Terazol)

antigout

inhibits production of uric acid(a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides)

antihistamine

acts to prevent the action of histamine (allergies) (Allegra, Benadryl, Dimetane)

antihyperlipidemic

used to lower abnormally high chlosterol levels of fatty substances (lipids). (Lipitor, Lopid, Mevacor, Nicobid, Zocor)

antihypertensive

prevents or controls high blood pressure (Catapres, Aldomet, Lopressor)

antimanic

used for treatment of manic episode of manic-depressive and bipolar disorder (lithium)

antimigraine

causes vasoconstriction(constriction of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure) in large intracranial (within skull) arteries

antineoplastic

prevents the replication of neoplastic cells; used to treat tumors (Myleran, Cytoxan)

antiparkinsonian

used for relieving pain of major symptoms of Parkinson disease (L-Dopamine, Requip, Symmetrel, Tasar)

antiprotozoal

destroys protozoa( single-celled microscopic animal)

antipsychotic

used to treat psychotic disorders

antipyretic

reduces fever (Tylenol, aspirin)

antiretroviral

used to manage HIV infections

antispasmodic

used to relieve/control spasm of involuntary muscle

antituberculosis

used in treatment of tuberculosis; inhibits growth of mycobacteria (INH, Myambutal, Mycobutin, Priftin, PZA, Rifadin, Streptomycin)

antitumor necrosis factor

slows or stop the destruction of joints by disrupting the activity of tumor necrosis factor ( protein that can cause the destruction of tumors) (TNF) (Enbrel)

antitussive

prevents or relieves cough (codeine, dextrometorphan)

antiulcer

used in treatment of active ulcer and for pathological hypersecretory; controls stomach acid (Axid, Pepcid, Tagamet, Zantac)

antiviral

combats a specific viral disease (ex. herpes) (Denavir, Famivir, Relenza, Retrovir, Tamiflu, Zovirax)

bone resorption inhibitor

treat and prevent osteoporosis

bronchodilator

dilates the bronchi (Proventil, Isuprel)

cardiac glycoside

increases strength and force of contractions and slows heart rate (Digitalis preps)

contraceptive

device, method or agent that prevents conception(fertilization)

corticosteroid

supresses inflammation and modifies normal immune response

COX-2 Inhibitor

inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme found in joints and other areas affected by inflammation

decongestant

reduces nasal congestion and/or swelling (Afrin, Sudafed)

disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

may influence the course of disease progression of rheumatoid arthritis (Arava, Cuprimine, Cytoxan, Rheumatrex, Ridaura)

diuretic

increases the excretion of urine, they also increase sodium (Diuril, Lasix, Osmitrol)

electrolyte replacement

treats or prevents electrolyte from decreasing

emetic

used to induce vomiting (Apomorphine HCl, Ipecac syrup)

expectorant

facilitates removal of secretion from broncho-pulmonary mucous membrane (Robitussin, Mucinex)

gastric acid-pump inhibitor

supresses gastric acid secretions; also used for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (Aciphex, Prevacid, Prilosec, Protonix)

hemostatic

controls or stops bleeding (Amicar, Humafac, vitamin K)

hormone replacement (HRT)

treat vasomotor symptoms of menopause

hypnotic

produces sleep or hypnosis; depresses CNS (chloral hydrate, Placidyl, Seconal)

hypoglycemic

lowers blood glucose level (Diabinese, insulin)

immunologic

induces immunity and prevents infectious diseases; stimulates body to produce antibodies (DTP, MMR, Engerix-B, Varivax)

immunosuppressant

treat and prevent rejection of transplanted organs

laxative

loosens and promotes normal bowel elimination; relieves constipation (Dulcolax, Metamucil)

leukotriene receptor antagonist blocker

used for treatment and management of asthma (Singulair, Zyflo, Accolate)

mucolytic

breaks chemical bonds in mucus (Mucomyst)

muscle relaxant

produces relaxation of skeletal muscle (Norflex, Paraflex, Robaxin, Skelaxin, Valium)

neuroleptic

modifies psychotic behavior (Risperdal, Zyprexa, Stelazine)

ophthalmic anti-infective

treat eye infections

otic preparations

treat ear conditions

platelet inhibitor

inhibits the ability of platelets to adhere to each other; similar to coagulant

sedative

produces calming effect without/ with causing sleep; (Amytal, Buticaps, phenobarbital)

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake and results in potentiation of serotonergic neurotransmissions (Luvox, Paxilo, Prozac, Zoloft)

serotonin nonselective reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)

inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine (Effexor)

smoking deterrent

used to manage nicotine withdrawl

thrombolytic

dissolves an existing thrombus (clot) when administered soon after its occurence (Abbokinase, Activase, Eminase, Kabikinase, Streptase)

thyroid hormone

increases basic metabolic rate

vasodilator

produces relaxation of blood vesels; lowers BP (Isordil, nitroglycerin)

vasopressor

elevates BP; used to treat allergic reactions (Aramine, Levophed)

weight control agent

used to manage obesity

Bioavailability

The percentage of a drug dose that actually reaches the blood

Anaphylactic Reaction

severe, life-threatening allergic reaction to a drug

Antimetabolite

Substance produced during drug metabolism, altering enzymes in the liver

Diffusion

the process to get even distribution of fluids

Filtration

takes place in kidney

Hepatic portal circulation

Circulation of blood through the liver

Idiosyncratic reaction

Experiencing a unique/unexpected reaction to a drug

Lipid Solubility

Ability to dissolve in fatty mediums

Biotransformation

metabolism

Dementia

Disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.

Anticonvulsants

drugs that prevent or stop seizures

Anuria

not able to produce urine

sometimes, -pril means...

ACE Inhibitor (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)

sometimes, -sartan

Angiotensin II Receptor

ACE Inhibitor, Angiotensin

used for hypertension

-tussive

treat cough

-ine

1st & 2nd Generation H1 Receptor Antagonist

Vaso-

Blood Vessel

-phleb

vein

Cyto-

Cell

Natr

Sodium

-Osis

Abnormal Condition

Heparin

an anticoagulant