OT 200 Chapter 6

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

the most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection

allergen

substance that causes an allergic reaction

anaphylaxis

a severe, systemic response to an allergen

antibiotics

medication capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacteria

antibody

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to an antigen

antifungal

any agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

antigen

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

antigen-antibody reaction

binding antigens to antibodies

autoimmune disorder

any of a large group of diseases characterized by the immune system producing antibodies against itself

bacilli

rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria

bacteria

a group of one-celled organisms

candidiasis

yeast infection

carcinoma

cancerous tumor

carcinoma in situ

cancer in the original stage before invading surrounding tissue

complement system

a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form

cytokines

a group of proteins released primarily by the T cells

cytomegalovirus

a type of herpes found in most body fluids; abnormally large cells

cytotoxic drugs

medication that kills or damages cells

ductal carcinoma in situ

breast cancer at its earliest stage before the abnormal cells has broken through the wall of the milk duct

hemolytic

destroying worn-out erythrocytes and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse

herpes zoster

an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions

Hodgkin's lymphoma

a cancer of the immune system characterized by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes (Reed-Sternberg cells)

human immunodeficiency virus

bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills T cells

immunoglobulins

antibodies that bind with specific antigens

immunosuppressants

a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response

immunotherapy

a disease treatment involving stimulating or repressing the immune system

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

breast cancer that starts in the milk duct and invades the fatty breast tissue

inteferons

"interfere" with viral replication in the still healthy cells by blocking protein synthesis and degrading viral RNA

lymphadenopathy

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

lymphangioma

a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

lymphedema

swelling due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

lymphocytes

the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system

lymphoma

general term for tumor of lymphatic tissue (malignant)

lymphoscintigraphy

a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels

macrophage

large leukocyte that removes bacteria, foreign particles, and dead cells

malaria

a disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood

mammography

an x-ray examination to detect breast tumors

metastasis

spread of cancer cells beyond their original site in the body

metastasize

the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another

myoma

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

myosarcoma

a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin's lymphoma

opportunistic infection

infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans

osteosarcoma

a hard-tissue sarcoma involving the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee

parasite

an organism that lives in or on another organism; one who lives off another person

rabies

viral infection passed on by the bite or saliva of an infected animal

rickettsia

small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites

rubella

a viral disease characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash

sarcoma

malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues

spirochetes

long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

splenomegaly

abnormal enlargement of the spleen

staphylococci

a group of bacteria that form irregular clusters resembling grapes

systemic reaction

a severe response to an allergen; without prompt medical aid, the patient can die; anapylaxis

teletherapy

radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body

toxoplasmosis

a disease caused by a parasite transmitted from pets by contact with contaminated feces

varicella

chicken pox

streptococci

bacteria that form a chain

malignant

becoming progressively worse and life-threatening

covid-19

a highly contagious virus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2

benign

something that is not life-threatening