Physical Therapy AIDE Third Edition: Chapter 11 & 12-Preparation for Patient Care/Turning and Positioning the Patient

4 basics of body mechanics

(1) Using larger and stronger muscles to perform heavy work

(2) Maintaining the center of gravity of the body close to the center of the base of support

(3) Keeping the combined center of gravity of the physical therapy aide and patient centered within the base of support

(4) Having a base of support that is of the appropriate size and shape

What position does all lifting start?

squatting

What is it called when you are trying to cover a patient?

Draping

ADL Mean

Activities of Daily Living

When picking up a patient what do you need to be?

Close as possible

List and explain the three fundamental components to providing care to patients undergoing physical therapy modalities.

- Assessment: Evaluating the patient's current condition and needs.

- Planning: Developing a treatment plan tailored to the patient's specific needs.

- Implementation: Executing the treatment plan and monitoring the patient's progress.

Describe the role body mechanics plays in physical therapy.

Body mechanics play a crucial role in physical therapy by ensuring that both the patient and the therapist use their bodies in ways that minimize strain and risk of injury. Proper body mechanics help in maintaining balance, reducing fatigue, and preventing musculoskeletal injuries.

Explain the purpose of patient preparation and identify the physical therapy aide role in preparing the patient for physical therapy treatments.

The purpose of patient preparation is to ensure that the patient is ready and comfortable for the physical therapy treatment. The physical therapy aide helps by explaining the procedures, ensuring the patient is appropriately dressed, and positioning the patient correctly.

Describe patient preparation for transporting patients via a cart and a wheelchair.

Patient preparation for transporting patients via a cart and a wheelchair involves ensuring the patient is safely and comfortably positioned on the cart or in the wheelchair, securing any necessary restraints, and using proper body mechanics to avoid injury during the transfer.

Why should an activity be explained and the instructions understood by the patient before treatment begins?

An activity should be explained and the instructions understood by the patient before treatment begins to ensure the patient knows what to expect, which helps in reducing anxiety and increasing cooperation.

What are two effective ways to instruct a patient?

- Demonstration: Showing the patient how to perform an activity.

- Verbal Explanation: Clearly explaining the steps and purpose of the activity.

How can you help put a patient at ease?

You can help put a patient at ease by speaking calmly, maintaining eye contact, and providing reassurance about the procedure.

Why is it so important for you to know the purpose and desired results of an activity or treatment?

It is important to know the purpose and desired results of an activity or treatment to ensure it is performed correctly and to monitor the patient's progress effectively.

How can you avoid embarrassment for the patient when preparing him or her for treatment or examination?

To avoid embarrassment for the patient when preparing him or her for treatment or examination, provide privacy, explain each step of the process, and use appropriate draping techniques.

How can the physical therapy aide assist the therapist before the patient is treated?

The physical therapy aide can assist the therapist before the patient is treated by preparing the treatment area, gathering necessary equipment, and helping the patient get into the correct position.

When you are assisting the patient to dress, which lib should be placed into clothing first?

When assisting the patient to dress, the affected limb should be placed into the clothing first to make the process easier and more comfortable for the patient.

How are patient errors in procedure dealt with?

Patient errors in procedure are dealt with by gently correcting the patient, providing clear instructions, and offering encouragement to try again.

The three components of preparation for the patient undergoing physical therapy treatments include ____, ____, and ____.

commniction, body mechanics, and enviroment

Preparing the patient´s area for treatment always involves creating a ____ environment.

safe

____ ____ is necessary to limit stress and strain on the body´s musculoskeletal structures.

Body mechanics

The proper practice of ____ ____ involves the implantation of ____ important principles.

body mechanics, 4

All lifting should be initiated from a ____ position.

squatting

The physical therapy aide should always be as ____ as possible to the object or person being lifted.

close

Whenever transferring is required, the center of gravity should be ____ from the center of the base of support.

away

____ ____ are always used to focus the patientś attention on specifically desired actions.

Verbal commands

The physical therapy aide should always describe the general ____ ____ ____ that the patient is expected to follow.

sequence of events

Patient preparation should always be completed ____ to transport or treatment.

prior

Three modes of transporting a patient include a ____, ____, and a ____.

cart, wheelchair, and gurney.

The physical therapy aide should always remember to ____ the brake whenever transferring a patient is required

lock

Describe the purpose of turning and repositioning the debilitated patient and explain the physical therapy aide´s role in its function.

Turning and repositioning a debilitated patient helps prevent pressure ulcers, improves circulation, and reduces the risk of muscle atrophy and contractures. It also enhances respiratory function and overall comfort. The physical therapy aide's role includes assisting with these movements, ensuring the patient's safety, and following specific care plans provided by healthcare professionals.

Describe how to turn a patient in the supine position.

- Stand on one side of the bed.

- Place a pillow between the patient's knees.

- Cross the patient's arms over their chest.

- Roll the patient gently towards you, supporting their head, shoulders, and hips.

- Place pillows behind their back to maintain the position.

Describe how to turn a patient from a supine position to a prone position.

- Stand on one side of the bed.

- Cross the patient's arms over their chest.

- Place a pillow between the patient's knees.

- Roll the patient onto their side.

- Continue to roll the patient onto their stomach, supporting their head, shoulders, and hips.

- Adjust the patient's arms and head for comfort.

Describe how to turn a patient from a prone position to a supine position.

- Stand on one side of the bed.

- Cross the patient's arms over their chest.

- Place a pillow between the patient's knees.

- Roll the patient onto their side.

- Continue to roll the patient onto their back, supporting their head, shoulders, and hips.

- Adjust the pillows and patient's position for comfort.

Explain how a patient is turned using a floor mat.

- Ensure the patient is safely positioned on the mat.

- Use the mat's handles to assist in turning.

- Follow similar steps as turning in bed, ensuring to support the patient's head, shoulders, and hips.

- The mat provides additional stability and ease in movement.

Explain how to turn a patient from a supine position to a side-lying position.

- Stand on one side of the bed.

- Cross the patient's arms over their chest.

- Place a pillow between the patient's knees.

- Roll the patient gently towards you, supporting their head, shoulders, and hips.

- Place pillows behind their back and between their legs to maintain the side-lying position.

Describe a side-lying position.

In a side-lying position, the patient rests on their side with their legs slightly bent. Pillows are placed between the knees and behind the back for support. This position helps relieve pressure on the back and improves comfort.

Explain how to return a patient from a sitting position to a supine position.

- Assist the patient in moving to the edge of the bed.

- Support the patient's back and legs as they lower themselves to a lying position.

- Ensure the patient's head, shoulders, and hips are supported.

- Adjust pillows and the patient's position for comfort.

Inability to perform physical or mental activities normally done

Disability

Sitting on the edge of the bed with legs hanging down

Dangling

Walking

Ambulate

Bedsore

decubitus ulcer

Shortening of Muscles

Contracture

Lying on the face looking downward

Prong

Sum total of activities, attitudes, and interests that distinguish one individual from others

Personality

Patient in a sitting position in bed

Fowler's position

Lying on the back looking upward

Supine

Failure to maintain foot in the normal flexed position

Foot drop

Assessment of individual´s behavior in a given situation

Psychological examination

A patient with low back pain-in prone for comfort only.

- Place a pillow under the patient's abdomen to reduce the strain on the lower back.

- You can also place a small towel roll under the ankles to prevent excessive pressure on the feet and to maintain a more natural alignment of the spine.

A patient with a head injury and in a coma-side-lying position.

- Position the patient on their side with a pillow under the head to keep the neck in a neutral position.

- Place a pillow or a folded sheet behind the back to maintain the side-lying position and prevent the patient from rolling onto their back.

- Place another pillow between the legs to keep the hips aligned and to prevent pressure sores on the knees and ankles.

A patient with an ankle sprain-in supine for comfort only.

- Elevate the injured ankle by placing a pillow or a folded towel roll under it. This helps in reducing swelling.

- Place a pillow under the knee of the affected leg to keep it slightly bent, which can help in reducing discomfort.

- You can also place a small rolled towel under the lower back for additional lumbar support if needed.

From the bed to the wheelchair

1. Ensure the wheelchair is positioned next to the bed and the brakes are locked.

2. Lower the bed to a height that matches the wheelchair seat.

3. Assist the patient to sit up on the edge of the bed with their feet flat on the floor.

4. Place a gait belt around the patient's waist for support.

5. Stand in front of the patient and provide support as they stand up, using the gait belt and their arms if needed.

6. Pivot the patient towards the wheelchair, ensuring their back is towards the wheelchair seat.

7. Guide the patient to sit down slowly and safely into the wheelchair.

8. Ensure the patient's feet are on the footrests and they are comfortable.

From the wheelchair to a treatment table

1. Position the wheelchair close to the treatment table and lock the brakes.

2. Adjust the treatment table height to be level with or slightly lower than the wheelchair seat.

3. Assist the patient to move to the edge of the wheelchair seat.

4. Place a gait belt around the patient's waist for support.

5. Stand in front of the patient and help them to stand up using the gait belt and their arms if needed.

6. Pivot the patient towards the treatment table, ensuring their back is towards the table.

7. Guide the patient to sit down on the edge of the treatment table.

8. Assist the patient to move further onto the table and lie down if necessary.

From the parallel bars to a wheelchair

1. Position the wheelchair at the end of the parallel bars and lock the brakes.

2. Assist the patient to walk to the end of the parallel bars.

3. Ensure the patient is stable and has a firm grip on the parallel bars.

4. Place a gait belt around the patient's waist for support.

5. Stand in front of the patient and provide support as they turn towards the wheelchair.

6. Guide the patient to sit down slowly and safely into the wheelchair.

7. Ensure the patient's feet are on the footrests and they are comfortable.

Frequently turning and repositioning a dependent patient prevents ____ and ____.

pressure and contractures.

When sitting, a patient should be able to relieve pressure on the buttocks and sacrum at least every ____ minutes.

10

Placing a patient in a ____ position means that the shoulders are parallel with the hips.

supine

If a patient is to be rolled to the left, he or she should begin the roll on the ____ side of the bed.

right

Placing a patient in a ____ position means that the shoulders are parallel to the hips with the spine straight.

prone

Whenever the physical therapy aide turns the patient from a supine position to a prone position, the lower extremities should be ____ to prevent them from dragging.

Crose

When turning a patient, the physical therapy aide should always remember to position himself or herself to the ____ in which the patient is going to be turned.

same side

In turning the patient from a supine position to a side-lying position, the patient's left arm should be ____ to a ____-degree angle.

abducted, 45

The side-lying position requires the use of ____ for proper placement of the patient's head, truck, and extremities.

pillows

If a patient is able, the physical therapy aide should allow him or her to ____ in turning and repositioning.

assist

Ascending

Increasing or moving upward, such as increasing weight in successive sets during weight training

Body Mechanics

based on the alignment and functioning of the musculoskeletal system

Descending

Decreasing or moving downward, such as reducing weight in successive sets during weight training

Draping

Process of positioning and covering a patient with a sheet or towel during a physical examination or treatment to ensure privacy and comfort. It's an important aspect of maintaining professionalism and respecting the patient's dignity.

Environment

Factors like gym atmosphere, temperature, lighting, and music that can influence workout motivation and performance.

Gurney

It is a wheeled stretcher used to transport patients in hospitals

Lifting

The act of raising or moving a heavy object, typically starting from a squatting position to ensure proper form and reduce the risk of injury.

Squatting

Involves bending your knees and hips until your thighs are parallel to the ground, while keeping your back straight and your feet flat on the floor leveled

Transferring

patient requires special movements that move the center of gravity away from the center of the base of support, possibly causing a loss of balance.

Transporting

Taking the patient from one area to another

Verbal Commands

exchange of information through spoken words.

Circulation

continuous movement of blood though the heart and blood vessels, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues.

Debilitation

State of being weakened or made feeble.

Floor Mat

Piece of material placed on the floor to protect it or provide comfort

Pivoting

Act of turning or rotating around a central point.

Prone

lying face down

side-lying position

lying on one's side

Supine

lying on one's back, face up.

What is the most fundamental component in providing proper care to patients undergoing physical therapy modalities are the skills involved with managing the patient's. There is 3 parts.

environment, body mechanics, and communication.

Balance instability

What is it called when there is a patient that is unbalanced

All equipment should be periodically checked and inspected for?

wear and malfunction

What 3 things should you do when speaking with a patient.

Tone of voice, make sure the patient can hear you, speak clearly.

When pushing a gurney, how should they push it?

The assistant should push from behind with the head, not at the front in the feet at bottom leading the way.

When moving a patient on a gurney or other thing you should always do what 2 things?

slow and steady

A transfer belt should always be used when moving a patient? True or False

True

When on a ramp with a wheelchair, the wheelchair should face the road at a 90-degree angle? True or false

False, The wheelchair should face the curb at a 90-degree angle.

What is Fowler's position?

Patient is sitting on a bed at a angle between 45 and 60 degrees.

When positioning the Patient in the Supine position, the patient's shoulders should be ___ to the hips and the ____ straight.

parallel & spine

What should you always move first?

Head

What should you do every time before moving a patient?

Wash your hands and get in the proper spot

What can you not do if the bedsheets are fully tucked in over you and they are too tight?

Dorsiflexion

When you are helping a patient move to their side or site up what side of the bed do you need to be on?

The same side that they are move to.

How is responsible for making sure things are clean and equipment is working properly?

All health care workers are responsible but whoever was using it should be the one to take care of the problem

3 steps for prepare for the actual procedure increases the likelihood of?

safe, efficient, and effective implementation.

When should equipment be inspected?

Before ever patient uses it

How should you unplug a cord?

by the plug not the cord