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Factor
independent variable
determining Causation
Manipulation ^ internal validity
extreneous factors/cofounding variables decrease internal validity
Determining Causation in Experiments
no significant differences between my groups
random assignment (n >= 31)
No differences between groups during study (exp IV)
cofounding variables violate this
study conditions
experimenters
time of study
types/conditions of IV (placebo)
steryotype threat
significant differences between groups at end of study
Factor Levels
Therapy: CBT, Talk, Exposure
Within
order of experience affects results (order effects)
Counter Balance
Randonmly assign within subjects epxeriments to different orders of conditions