Respiratory System

General functions of respiratory system

gas exchange, speech, regulate pH of blood

Functions of the nasal cavity

condition the air

The three ways the nasal cavity conditions the air

warm the air, humidify the air, and filter the air

The types of tissue layers that makes up the nasal cavity are

mucosa tissue and the lamina propria

The mucosa tissue is made up of

psuedostratified columnar epithelia

The lamina propria is made up of

areolar connective tissue

The function of the mucosa tissue

to produce and secret mucus for the nasal cavity

The function of the lamina propria

supplies nutrients to the mucosa tissue

Throat is also known as

this is also known as pharynx

What type of cells can be found in the mucosa tissue?

goblet cells are found in the mucosa tissue

The pharynx is made up of these 3 regions

nasopharynx, oropharnyx, and laryngopharnx

This region of the pharynx is behind, or posterior, to the nasal cavity

nasopharynx

This part of the nasopharynx separates the nasopharynx and the oropharynx

palate

These are the parts of the palate region of the nasopharynx

the hard palate, the soft palate, and the uvula

The function of the soft palate and the uvula

functions to close off the nasopharynx when swallowing

What can occur when the soft palate and uvula are constantly opening during sleep?

snoring and sleep apnea

Describe the function of the laryngopharynx

functions to prevent food from entering the throat and creates sound via vocal cords

These create sound

vocal cords found in our laryngopharynx

List what makes up the larynx

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and arytenoid cartilage

List which cartilage make up the parts of the larynx?

epiglottis is made of elastic cartilage and the rest are hyaline cartilage

This region of the larynx houses our vocal cords

thyroid cartilage

What is the function of the arytenoid cartilage of the larynx?

this is able to produce pitches (high to low)

The epiglottis will cover this opening

the vocal cords

The vocal cords will need to do this action to make sound

vibrate and pull

What makes a higher pitched tone?

flexed vocal cords make this sound

What makes a deeper tone?

relaxed vocal cords make this sound

Describe the difference in vocal cords between men and women

women tend to have thinner and smaller vocal cords, resulting in higher tone. men tend to have thicker and wider vocal cords, resulting in deeper tone.

What is laryngitis?

the inflammation of the larynx causing it to get bigger, results in a deeper tone.

Describe sleep apnea

caused by the airway closing completely. severe cases a machine is brought to help with breathing.

Known as our wind pipe

trachea

Describe the trachea

major airway takes air from larynx and sends to smaller airways, known as the primary bronchus

List the layers of the anatomy of the respiratory system

Mucosa, submucosa and adventitia

What makes up the mucosa layer of the respiratory system?

psuedostratified columnar epithelium and lamina propria

What makes up the submucosa of the respiratory system?

submucosal glands

What makes up the adventitia of the respiratory system?

hyaline cartilage and trachealis muscle

What is the function of lamina propria and what is it made of in the trachea?

made of areolar connective tissue and its function is to provide nutrients to the mucosa tissue (pseudostratified columnar epithelia)

What is the function of the submucosa and what is it made of in the trachea?

found underneath the mucosa, made of denser version of areolar connective tissue and it allows us to store all the submucosal glands.

Describe the function of the submucosal glands and where are they found?

found within the trachea in the submucosa layer, these function to produce seromucous secretions and send it into the lumen of the our trachea. The mix of water and mucus secretions will allow us to maintain the mucosa of our trachea, coating it with mucus and allowing it to be lubricated.

Describe the function of the adventitia of the trachea and what is it made of?

where our trochlear cartilage can be found and it functions to prevent the trachea from collapsing

Describe the trachealis muscle and where is it found?

found within the adventitia of the trachea and it functions to dislodge anything that might be stuck inside of the trachea.

What is the trachealis muscle made of?

smooth muscle

The smallest airway is called?

the bronchial

The bronchial is made up of which tissue and what is it supported by?

made of simple cuboidal epithelia tissue and supported by smooth msucle

What is the function of alveoli and where is it found?

it is found at the end of our bronchial and it allows for gas exchange and diffusion. allowing the air to enter our blood vessels and capillaries.

Which tissue is the alveoli made of?

simple squamous epithelia

The inappropriate closing of bronchioles is known as

asthma

Name a solution for asthma?

medication that dilates the bronchial and relaxes the smooth muscle

List the cells of the alveoli

macrophages, alveolar type I cells, and alveolar type II cells